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Physiology 2 Test 2 AH > Lecture 11 GI Secretion & Absorption > Flashcards

Lecture 11 GI Secretion & Absorption Flashcards

0
Q

what are the 3 types of complex glands

A

salivary, pancreas, liver

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1
Q

What are the 4 gland types

A

unicellular mucous, crypts of L, tubular, complex

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2
Q

what are the mechanisms of stimulation

A

food contact
autonomic stimulation
higher brain centers
hormones

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3
Q

what are some functions of mucous

A

adhere to food
coat gut wall to prevent actual contact of food
resistant to digestion by GI enzymes
cause fecal adherence

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4
Q

what are the 2 types of salivary gland secretions and what do they consist of?

A

parotid - serous

sublingual/mandibular - mixed

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5
Q

Where does the 1st stage of salivary secretion of ions occur?

A

acini

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6
Q

what do salivary secretions contain and what are they typical of

A

ptyalin (alpha amylase)

ECF

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7
Q

where does the 2nd stage of salivary secretion occur?

A

salivary duct

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8
Q

give the reabsorption / secretion of ions and whether it is passive or Active transport

A

Na - active reabsorption
Cl - passive reabsorption
K - active secretion
HCO3- (bicarb) - active/passive secretion

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9
Q

TRUE or FALSE

nervous regulation of salivary secretion is normally parasympathetic system?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

The facial nerve supplies what ganglion and gland?

A

submandibular ganglion

submandibular and sublingual glands

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11
Q

the glossopharyngeal nerve supplies what ganglion and gland?

A

Otic ganglion

parotid gland

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12
Q

what chief cells secrete?

how is their release stimulated?

A

pepsinogen and intrinsic factor

Ach from Vagus nerve or gastric enteric nervous plexus or acid in stomach

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13
Q

what do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl

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14
Q

What ion leaks outside the cell but is transported back in by the ______ pump?

A

K+

by H-K ATPase pump

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15
Q

what ion is reabsorbed into the cell due to the _______ pump?

A

Na+

Na-K basolateral pump

16
Q

How are chloride ions secreted?

A

through chloride channels into the canaliculi

17
Q

what are the 2 forms of gastrin and which is more abundant?

A

G-34 and G-17 (more abundant)

18
Q

What is gastrin released by?

A

in response to proteins in the pyloris

19
Q

what does gastrin cause?

A

enterochromaffin-like cells to release histamine

20
Q

what does histamine do?

A

cause secretion of HCl

21
Q

what are the 3 phases of gastric secretions?

A

cephalic
gastric
intestinal

22
Q

what are the digestive enzymes for proteins?

what are they secreted by?

A

trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypolypeptidase
trypsin inhibitor

glandular cells

23
Q

what is the digestive enzyme for carbs?

A

pancreatic amylase

24
Q

what is the digestive enzyme for fat?

A

pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, phospholipase

25
Q

where is Ach from?

A

PS nerves and enteric nervous system

26
Q

what stimulates CCK release?

what is the result of the release?

A

presence of food in upper intestine

increase in secretion of pancreatic enzymes

27
Q

what stimulates secretin’s release?

what does it release?

A

presence of acidic foods in upper intestine

large amounts of sodium bicarbonate

28
Q

what stimulates release of bile from the gall bladder?

A

presence of fatty food in the duodenum

29
Q

how is bile concentrated in the gall bladder?

A

by active transport of sodium ions, secondary absorption of chloride ions and water

30
Q

outline the synthesis of bile salts in the liver

A

cholesterol converted to cholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid, then conjugated with glycine or taurine

31
Q

what are the functions of bile?

A

emulsify fat

complex with lipids to form micelles for absorption

32
Q

what are the causes of gallstones?

A

too much absorption of water from bile
too much absorption of bile acids from bile
too much cholesterol in bile
inflammation of the epithelium

33
Q

what do Paneth cells secrete?

A

alpha defensins

34
Q

what do goblet cells secrete?

A

mucous

35
Q

what do enterocytes secrete?

A

water and electrolytes, also reabsorb it

36
Q

Describe the absorption of glucose in the small intestine

A

Sodium secondary Active co-transport mech

37
Q

what does the absorption of peptides/aa in small intestine use?

A

sodium co-transport mech

38
Q

how are fats in the small intestine absorbed

A

by micelles and chylomicrons

Physiology 2 Test 2 AH (6 decks)

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