Lecture 11: Clinical Consequences of Respiratory Infection Flashcards
what are the types of pneumonia
- hospital acquired
- community acquired
- ventilator related
tests to diagnose pneumonia
- mainly chest x ray
- blood test
- sputum test
- viral throat swab
- urine, check for legionella
- arterial blood gas
how can we assess severity of pneumonia
CURB 65 score: Confusion raised blood Urea raised Respiratory rate low Blood pressure age > 65 years
what is a raised blood urea level
> 7 mmol/L
what is a raised respiratory rate
> 30/min
what is a low blood pressure
systolic < 95
diastolic < 60
what are the implications of different CURB-65 scores
0-1 low risk
3 short inpatient hospitalisation
4-5 high risk of death, urgent hospitalisation
what is management for pneumonia in the community
- rest
- push fluids
- analgesics
- antibiotic safety net
what is management for pneumonia in hospital
- oxygen if required
- fluid replacement if required
- antibiotics
- critical care management
what are the main bacteria behind community acquired pneumonia
1) streptococcus pneumoniae
2) chlamydia pneumoniae
3) mycoplasma pneumoniae
4) haemophilus influenzae
5) staphylococcus aureus
what are common antibiotics used for pneumonia
- amoxicillin
- doxycycline
how long does it take adults aged 18-60 to clear community acquired pneumonia
95% of CAP will clear within 6 weeks
what are ways of giving high oxygen concentrations in critical care
- nasal hiflow
- CPAP
- non invasive ventilation
- intubation and invasive ventilation
- if everything fails consider ECMO
general complications of pneumonia
- respiratory failure
- sepsis
local complications of pneumonia
- pleural effusion
- empyema
- lung abscess
- organising pneumonia
