Lecture 1: Mechanics of Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

what are the inspiratory mucles

A
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostals
  • accessory muscles, eg scalene and sternomastoids
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2
Q

what is transpulmonary presssure

A

chest wall exerts a distending pressure on the pleural space

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3
Q

what is hysteresis

A

difference between lung compliance during inspiration and expiration

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4
Q

what disease involves decreased compliance

A
  • pulmonary fibrosis

- alveolar walls are stiff and scarred

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5
Q

what disease involves increased compliance

A

emphysema

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6
Q

what is caused by surfactant deficiency

A

respiratory distress syndrome

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7
Q

what does surfactant do

A
  • increases lung compliance
  • promotes alveolar stability
  • prevents alveolar collapse
  • reduces hydrostatic pressure in tissue outside capillaries to keep lungs dry
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8
Q

what factors affect airway resistance

A
  • inflammation + mucus decrease radius
  • bronchodilators + steroids increase radius
  • gas density, eg in diving
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9
Q

what is the work of breathing

A

the amount of energy or O2 required by respiratory muscles to produce enough respiration to meet metabolic demands of the body

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