lecture 11: assessing violence Flashcards
What are the two brain structures involved in fear and traumatic stress? What do people who have experienced violence have difficulty doing?
the amygdala and hippocampus are involved in fear and traumatic stress
- high levels of stress affects the brain (especially developing brain)
- people who have experienced violence have difficulty identifying, expressing, and managing emotions
what are some delayed responses to trauma? how does violence affect individuals accessing healthcare?
persistent fatigue, sleep disorders, nightmares, fear of recurrence, anxiety focused on flashbacks, depression
avoidance of: emotions, sensations, or activities that are associated with trauma
it impacts how individuals access healthcare and interact with health care professionals (mistrust)
what are the impacts of violence?
- result in death
- lead to severe injuries
- impair brain and nervous system development
- result in negative coping and health risk behaviours
- lead to unintended pregnancies
- contribute to a wide range of non-communicable diseases
- impact opportunities and future generations (children)
impair brain and nervous system development - what can exposure to violence at an early age do?
Can impair brain development and damage other parts of the nervous system as well as the…
- other systems in the body )endocrine, circulatory, musculoskeletal, etc.)
Can negatively affect cognitive development and result in educational and vocational under-acheivement
result in negative coping and health risk behaviours - explain more In depth (more likely to…, higher rates of…)
children exposed to violence and other adversities are substantially more likely to:
- smoke, misuse alcohol and drugs, engage in high-risk sexual behaviour
- have higher rates of anxiety, depression, other mental health problems and suicide
contribute to a wide range of non-communicable diseases - which diseases and why?
as children grow older the increased risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and other health conditions is largely due to…
- negative coping and health risk behaviours associated with violence
impact opportunities and future generations - explain in depth
children exposed to violence and other adversities are more likely to…
- drop out of school
- have difficulty finding/keeping a job
- heightened risk for later victimization and/or perpetration of interpersonal and self-directed violence, by which violence against children can affect the next generation
what are the different types of violence? signs?
- sexual violence (rape, sexual harassment, coercion)
- physical violence (hitting, destroying property)
- bullying (combination of verbal, physical, and psychosocial violence)
- verbal violence (threats)
- psychosocial violence (exclusion)
all types of violence INTERCONNECT and COMBINE
What does WHO say about violence against children? What is violence against children? What is prevalent at each stage (infants/younger children, young boys/girls, adolescence)?
violence against children includes all forms of violence against people under 18 years old
- for infants and younger children, violence mainly involves child maltreatment
- boys and girls are at equal risk of physical and emotional abuse and neglect, girls are at greater risk of sexual abuse
- as children reach adolescence, peer violence and intimate partner violence in addition to child maltreatment become highly prevalent
What are the red flags for child abuse?
- bullying
- neglect
- extreme emotions
- depression
- smoking
- alcohol
- anti-social
what are the risk factors for child maltreatment?
these put children at increased risk of experiencing violence
in a parent…
- low socio-economic status, maternal age <19 years, single parent family, non-biological parents, abused as a child, substance abuse, lack of social support, unplanned pregnancy or negative parental attitude towards pregnancy
in a family…
- spousal violence, poor marital relations, poor child-parent relationship, unhappy family life
in a child..
- behaviour problems, presence of disability
what is the nurse’s role?
- use noticing skills to pick up on subtleties
- screening when appropriate
- safety planning
- team collaboration
- documentation (it could end up in court)
- CAS involvement (children aid society)
what is the status of reporting suspected child abuse
in Ontario it is the law to report suspected child abuse or neglect
- everyone including members of the public and professionals who work closely with children, is required by law to report
- if you have reasonable grounds to suspect, you must report it to a children’s aid society (CAS/child & family services, CFS)
can you report IPV (intimate partner violence)?
You cannot report it if they are adults, over 18. if they have children and they are witnessing it, you can report suspected child abuse
what is the status of reporting elder abuse in a long-term/retirement home? If the elder lives in their home?
Reporting elder abuse is mandatory when an older adult resides in a long-term/retirement home and elder abuse is suspected or has occurred.
If the elder lives in their own home, the law does not require anyone to report it
