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Physiology Exam 2: Lectures 8-16 > Lecture 11: Arterial and Venous Systems and Lymphatics > Flashcards

Lecture 11: Arterial and Venous Systems and Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

What is vascular distensibility?

A

increase in volume / increase in pressure x original volume

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2
Q

Veins are about ____ times more distensible than arteries

A

8

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3
Q

Pulmonary vein distensibilities are the _____ as systemic veins

A

same

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4
Q

Pulmonary artery distensibilities are ________ than systemic arteries

A

six times greater

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5
Q

What is vascular compliance?

A

increase of volume / increase in pressure

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6
Q

What does capacitance describe?

A

distensibility of blood vessels

how volume changes in response to a change in pressure

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7
Q

How do you calculate compliance?

A

distensibility x volume

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8
Q

capacitance is _______ proportional to volume and ______ proportional to pressure

A

directly; inversely

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9
Q

Is capacitance greater in arteries or veins?

A

veins

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10
Q

The greater the elastic tissue in a blood vessel, the

_______ the elastane and ______ the compliance

A

higher; lower

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11
Q

What is compliance?

A

measure of the ease with which a hollow viscus may be distended

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12
Q

What is vascular compliance?

A

total quantity of blood that can be stored in a give portion of the circulatory system

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13
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

stroke volume / atrerial compliance

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14
Q

What is the most important determinant of pulse pressure?

A

stroke volume

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15
Q

Diastolic pressure is ____ during ventricular systole, pulse pressure _____ to the same extent as the systolic pressure

A

unchanged; increases

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16
Q

Decreases in compliance, result in an _____ in pulse pressure

A

increase

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17
Q

What is aortic valve stenosis?

A

diameter of the aortic valve opening is reduced significantly, and the aortic pressure pulse is decreased slightly
blood through aortic valve is diminished

18
Q

What conditions cause abnormal contours of the pressure pulse wave?

A

aortic valve stenosis
arteriosclerosis
patent ductus arteriosus
aortic regurgitation

19
Q

What is patent ductus arteriosus?

A

half or more of the cardiac output flows back into the pulmonary artery and lung blood vessels
diastolic pressure falls very low before next heartbeat

20
Q

What is aortic regurgitation?

A

the aortic valve is absent or will not close completely

aortic pressure may fall all the way to 0 to between heartbeats

21
Q

Changes in pressure pulse as pulse waves travels toward ____

A

small vessels

22
Q

The progressive reduction of the pulsations in the periphery= _______

A

damping of the pressure pulses

23
Q

What is mean arterial pressure?

A

the average arterial pressure with respect to time

24
Q

What is the mean arterial pressure equation?

A

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

25
Q

What is pressure in the right atrium?

A

central venous pressure

26
Q

What are the factors the regulate right atrial pressure?

A

ability of the heart to pump blood out of the right atrium/ ventricle
tendency of blood to flow into the right atrium

27
Q

factors that increase venous return

A

increased blood volume
increased peripheral venous pressures due to increased large vessel tone
dilation of arterioles

28
Q

Small arterioles control ______ to each tissue

A

blood flow

29
Q

Are arterioles muscular?

A

yes, highly

30
Q

What is vasomotion?

A

cyclical opening and closing of precapillary sphincter

31
Q

What are capillary split pores?

A

intercellular clefts spacing of 6-7 nm

allow for rapid diffusion of water, water soluble ions and small solutes

32
Q

What forms plasmalemmal vesicles?

A

cave-ins

33
Q

What plasmalemmal vesicles do?

A

play a role in endocytosis and transcytosis

34
Q

What is the most important factor regulating vasomotion?

A

concentration of oxygen in the tissues

35
Q

______ is the most important means for the exchange of substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid

A

diffusion

36
Q

Rate of diffusion is ______ proportional to concentration differences of the diffusing substances

A

directly

37
Q

What do starling forces do?

A

determine direction of diffusion not or out of the capillary

38
Q

Lymph vessels possess _______ valves

A

one way

39
Q

Lymph flow reaches maximum when interstitial pressure ______

A

rises slightly above atmospheric pressure

40
Q

What are factors that increase lymph flow?

A

elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure
decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
increased permeability of capillaries

41
Q

What is the rate of lymph flow equation?

A

rate of lymph flow= interstitial fluid pressure x activity of lymphatic pump

Physiology Exam 2: Lectures 8-16 (9 decks)

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