Lecture 11

Question 1

Benthic

Answer 1

Living in, on, or near the bottom of a body of water

Question 2

Pelagic

Answer 2

living in the water column

Question 3

deposit feeders

Answer 3

ingest sedimentary material and derive nutrition from some portion of that material

Question 4

suspension feeders

Answer 4

capture particles from the water column
-passive vs active
-passive relies on water currents by protruding feeding organ to collect particles
-active draws particles towards mouth using a feeding current

Question 5

herbivores

Answer 5

eat primary producers
-microalgal grazers eat benthic diatoms

Question 6

scavengers

Answer 6

eat carcasses and remains of other animals and plants

Question 7

suspension feeders

Answer 7

bivalve mollusks

Question 8

hervivores

Answer 8

sea urchins and some snails

Question 9

carnivores

Answer 9

predatory snails

Question 10

What are the types of motility?

Answer 10

burrowing, hydrostatic skeleton, interstitial

Question 11

Bioturbation

Answer 11

stirring of sediment by organisms

Question 12

Vertical habitat structure

Answer 12

-Aerobic bacteria and protists near the surface
-anaerobic organisms in the anoxic zone

Question 13

Benthic carnivore characteristics

Answer 13

-adapted for detecting and catching prey
-good vision and can smell prey
-capture prey; sessile organisms, sit and wait predators, roaming predators
-have drills, stingers, and appendages

Question 14

Benthic herbivores

Answer 14

-eat diatoms, cyanobacteria by scraping/scouring
-tear or chew
use of radula
-enzymes
-n-fixing symbiotic bacteria