Lecture 10

Question 1

What is ecology?

Answer 1

the study of the interaction of living organisms with their biotic and abiotic environment

Question 2

What are distributions?

Answer 2

where organisms are found

Question 3

What are abundances ?

Answer 3

how many organisms there are

Question 4

Why were barnacles found high on the shore?

Answer 4

Because there was less competition high above shore

Question 5

What are individuals?

Answer 5

organisms that are physically distinct from other organisms

Question 6

What are populations?

Answer 6

group of individuals of the same species, responding to the same environmental factors and freely mixing

Question 7

What are communities?

Answer 7

groups of populations of different species living in the same location

Question 8

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 8

entire habitats, including both living species and abiotic factors

Question 9

What is a biosphere?

Answer 9

the entire set of living things on earth and the environment with which they interact

Question 10

Are populations affected by the same overall environment?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

Are populations isolated from other populations of the same species?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

What determines change in population size?

Answer 12

birth, death, immigration, emigration

Question 13

What is a metapopulation?

Answer 13

a series of populations

Question 14

What are metapopulations connected by?

Answer 14

dispersal

Question 15

List the two examples of metapopulations

Answer 15

isolated population model and island mainland scheme

Question 16

What does the source do?

Answer 16

contributes disproportionately more individuals to the metapopulation

Question 17

What does sink do?

Answer 17

receives immigrants but does not contribute

Question 18

What are ecological communitites?

Answer 18

coexisting species that interact via many different biological encounters
-competition,predation and herbivory, and facilitation

Question 19

What are the four main reasons kelp is so important to the ocean?

Answer 19

1. increases the amount of smaller organisms for bigger predators
2. produces a habitat for other species
3. slows down the movement of water which helps spawning organisms
4. stops coastal errosion

Question 20

What is consumption?

Answer 20

a negative interaction in which organisms seeks to obtain a limiting resource (can limit survival, growth, or reproduction)

Question 21

What is competition?

Answer 21

a negative interaction in which organisms seek to obtain a shared limiting resource (food, space, mates,light, nutrients)

Question 22

What is facilitation?

Answer 22

an interaction in which at least one organism benefits and neither is harmed

Question 23

mutualism

Answer 23

both benefit

Question 24

commensalism

Answer 24

one benefits

Question 25

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 25

a group of interdependent biological communities and abiotic factors interacting in a single geographic area
-also how the organisms affect transformation and flux of energy and matter

Question 26

What is evolution?

Answer 26

the process that leads to adaptation and diversification of populations and species

Question 27

What is plasicity?

Answer 27

one genotype can produce multiple phenotypes

Question 28

What is natural selection?

Answer 28

differential survival and reproduction of organisms with different phenotypes
-individuals vary, offspring resemble parents, survival and reproduction are selective