Lecture 11 Flashcards
What is mass defect?
The difference between the mass of an atom and the mass of its individual particles is known as the Mass defect, Δm.
What is binding energy?
If a nucleus is broken into its constituent particles, the minimum energy required is the binding energy. If binding energy is large nucleus is stable.
What is 1AMU in kg and MeV?
1AMU=1.67377x10^-27kg
1AMU= 931.4MeV
What is 1eV in J?
1eV= 1.6x10^-19
What is Avogadro’s number?
6.022x10^23
What do the neutron absorbing rods do in a nuclear reactor?
The chain reaction occurs at a steady rate which is controlled by inserting or withdrawing neutron-absorbing rods of boron among the uranium rods.
What is a moderator?
Slows down the fission neutrons usually a graphite core.
Why is there shielding in a nuclear reactor?
The concrete shield gives workers protection form gamma rays and escaping neutrons.
When can fusion occur?
Fusion can only occur if the reacting nuclei have enough energy to overcome their mutual electrostatic repulsion. This can happen if they are raised to a very high temperature.
What are the differences between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?
Nuclear fission is the process of splitting a heavy nucleus into two smaller nuclei, with the release of a large amount of energy. Nuclear fusion, on the other hand, is the process of combining two light nuclei into a heavier nucleus, also with the release of energy.
What are isotopes?
Isotopes of an element are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes have identical chemical properties since they have the same number of electrons and occupy the same place in the Periodic Table.
What is the difference between isotope, isotone and isobar?
Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but differing numbers of neutrons.
Isotopes have the same atomic number.
Isotones are atoms of different elements having an equal number of neutrons in the atomic nucleus.
Isotones have different atomic numbers.
Isobars are atoms of different chemical elements having equal values for atomic mass.
Isobars have different atomic numbers.
