lecture 11-12

Question 1

insomnia

Answer 1

unsatifactoyr sleep, string cormodbility with psych disorder

Question 2

narcolepsy

Answer 2

chronic daytime sleepiness

Question 3

RAS reticular activating system

Answer 3

diffuse nerual network, projection from midbrain and pons, to cortex, modulates signals that reach cortex, cruical for behavioral arousal and conciousness

Question 4

sleep/wake switch

Answer 4

on= awake, wakefulness
off= tired,sleeping

Question 5

what does a hypocretin neruon do?

Answer 5

stablizies wakefulness in the LAT

Question 6

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 6

bodys internal clokc and is actiavted by melaotonin, lighta nd activity to promte either sleep or wakefulness

Question 7

excessive daytime sleepiness

Answer 7

switch is off during the daytime

Question 8

insomnia

Answer 8

switch on at night

Question 9

disturabnaces in cricadium rythem

Answer 9

phase delayed= switch turned on too late
phase advanced= turned on too early

Question 10

circadian wake drive

Answer 10

result on input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, spike in the morning and decrease through the day

Question 11

homestatic sleep drive

Answer 11

inc longer one is awak and dec with sleep

Question 12

what happens as the day starts to end, circadium wake drive starts to diminish

Answer 12

the homestatic inc, the VLPO triggered to release GABA in the tubermammilarry nucleus (tmn)

Question 13

treatments of insomnia

Answer 13

benzos
z-drugs
melatongeric hyponotics
antihistmaines/histamines

Question 14

treatment for narcolepsy

Answer 14

Modafinil is a novel wake-promting agent that is chemically distnct from CNS stimulants
enhances GLU and inhits GABA

Question 15

adverse effects of Modafinil

Answer 15

headche, flushing, dry mouth, sick, confused thoughts, anixety, depression

Question 16

Z-drugs MOA

Answer 16

bind to GABAa receptors that does not a cause high degree of tolerance, dependence or withdraw, inc zolpidem

Question 17

what is Ramelteon and the MOA

Answer 17

melatonin agonist, targeted MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist Ramelton does not have affinity for GABA receptors, which negates potential for abuse
unlike z does not effect motor skills or balance

Question 18

what is agomelatine

Answer 18

is a dual-action antidepressants with affinity melatonin MT1/MT2 RECEPTORS
non-selective(5-HT antagonist) , improves depression and sleep

Question 19

anthistamine MOA

Answer 19

1st gen antihistamines are non-selective H1 antagonists
makes people tired

Question 20

histamine

Answer 20

regulates wakefulness
MOA: sythezied from histidine and packaged into vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2)
once in synaptic cleft histamine excites neurons via the H1 receptor or can inhbit histamergenic and other enurons vis the H3 receptor

Question 21

where is histamine produced

Answer 21

produced by cells in the tubermammillary nucleus (TMN)

Question 22

Doxepin

Answer 22

antihistamine
demonstrates blocking a wake-promoting
specfic to H1 antagonist

Question 23

benzo vs CBT with sleep

Answer 23

reliability reduced with psycholgical interventions, shown CBT works better overtime

Question 24

what are better benzos or z drugs, meltonergic hypontics, antishitimines or behavior

Answer 24

benzos are effective, yet have adverse side effects
z-drugs are not as effective
MH effective for initation, w/o adverse side effects
antihsitomines (except H1 antagonists) are effective in maintence rather than initation
bheavior: more durable effects