Lecture 11 Flashcards
Levels of Organismal Complexity
- Protoplasmic
- Cellular
- Cell-tissue
- Tissue-organ
- Organ-system
Protoplasmic
Unicellular organisms (e.g. protozoans)
Colonial
Cellular;aggregation of undifferentiated cells
Multicellular
Cellular;
aggregation of cells that are functionally different
Cell-tissue organismal complexity
- Cells aggregate into patterns or layers
- Tissue=group of similar cells organized to perform a common function
- True tissue secretes extracellular matrix in form of a basement membrane on which cells sit
- e.g.cnidarians,some sponges
Tissue-organ organismal complexity
- Organs contain more than one type of tissue(e.g. gonads, lungs, heart)
- More specialized function
- e.g.platyhelminthes
Organ-system organismal complexity
• Organs work together in a system(e.g.reproductive,
respiratory, circulatory)
• e.g. other eukaryotes
Kingdom Fungi chracteristics
• Unicellular and multicellular species
• Fungi do not have chlorophyll
• Have cell walls (like plants), but these are composed of
chitin, not cellulose
• Important ecological function - decomposers
Chitin
In cell wall of fungi, is a nitrogenous polysaccharide
Tough, protective substance, also found in the exoskeleton of arthropods
Chemoheterotrophs
Animals + fungi
Chemoautotrophs
some prokaryotes (e.g. extremophiles)
Photoheterotrophs
some prokaryotes (e.g. purple and green non-sulfur bacteria)
Photoautotrophs
plants, algae, cyanobacteria
Nutrition in Fungi
- Extracellular digestion
* Release digestive enzymes into the environment and then absorb nutrients through their cell walls
Porifera characteristics
Porifera=sponges Simplest multicellular metazoans No organs or true tissues No nervous system or sense organs Adults sessile and attached Limited body movement
