Lecture 11- 10/9

Question 1

population structure

Answer 1

leads to deficiency in heterozygosity and excess in homozygosity
- does not affect allele frequency

Question 2

inbreeding

Answer 2

• deficiency in heterozygosity and excess in homozygosity
• does not affect allele frequency
• increases the risk of recessive genetic diseases
• have a lowered mean fitness bc many recessive deleterious allels are in the homoyzygous condition= inbreeding depression

Question 3

migration

Answer 3

when individuals move between populations
-may affect allele frequencies
pi’=(1-m)pi + m(pm)
pi is the population that is moving to proportion

Question 4

mutation

Answer 4

generates new alleles and is the ultimate source of genetic variation
- affects allele frequencies

Question 5

recombination

Answer 5

creates new haplotypes

Question 6

haplotypes

Answer 6

the combo of alleles at multiple loci on the same chromosome
P(AB)= p(A)p(B)

Question 7

Linkage Disequilibrium

Answer 7

nonrandom assoication of two loci
D=PAB- pApB
- arises through new mutations
- decays with time due to recombination

Question 8

small populations

Answer 8

genetic drift= random sampling that results in change in allele frequency by chance

• removes genetic variation
• occurs in both small and large pops

Question 9

natural selection

Answer 9

a difference among individuals in survival
- shift allele frequencies
(recessive lethal, partially dominant deleterious

Question 10

equilibrium freq

Answer 10

A2= s1/(s1+s2)

Question 11

stabilizing selection

Answer 11

centers more

Question 12

disruptive selection

Answer 12

favors extremes

Question 13

directional selection

Answer 13

favors one allele so goes to one side