Lecture 10- 10/4

Question 1

translocation

Answer 1

between nonhologous chromosomes= inter

intra=within the same chromosome

reciprocal translocation is the most common

• meiosis is a major issue: assume a cross shape

Question 2

robertsonian translocation

Answer 2

can cause diseases with irregular gene dosage

Question 3

FISH

Answer 3

uses fluorescent tags to track translocations

Question 4

positional effect

Answer 4

phenotype depends on the gene itself and its position or location

Question 5

fragile sites

Answer 5

caused by an addition to the x chromosome

- caused by triplet repeat and full mutations

Question 6

anticipation

Answer 6

each generation, the chances of carriers producing affected offspring increases

Question 7

premutation

Answer 7

people who have an intermediate number of copies of a disease causing gene

Question 8

full mutation

Answer 8

if a woman receives a premutation her meiosis can triplet repeat and expand to produce a full mutation

Question 9

monosomy is not

Answer 9

lethal in humans

Question 10

additive allele

Answer 10

contributes a constant amount to the phenotype

Question 11

nonadditive allele

Answer 11

does not contribute to the phenotype

Question 12

each additive allele

Answer 12

each allele is equivalent in its effect on the phenotype

Question 13

variance

Answer 13

= 1/n summation (xi-mean)^2 = s^2

Question 14

standard deviation

Answer 14

s

Question 15

covariance (X,Y)

Answer 15

(x-mean of X)(y- mean of Y) (1/n)

Question 16

heritability

Answer 16

measure of the genetic contribution to phenotypic variation for a given trait in a certain population under a certain environment