Lecture 10B (12 Minor Prophets) Flashcards
The Twelve Prophets
Historical Context
Contemporary view is to see prophets as fortune tellers, apply them to predict our times
To Israel and Judah, they are raised up by God to speak out about Israelite issues
Pre-Exilic Israel
Up to 722 (the year Assyria destroys Israel)
Amos
Pre-exilic Israel
Judean, but called to speak to Israel
Shepherd, tends trees. Not from prophetic guild
Message
- Criticized injustice (rich get richer, poor get poorer)
- Predicts destruction, puts hope in Davidic Dynasty
Hosea
Pre-exilic Israel
From the North, speaking to the North
Lives his life to illustrate Israel’s actions
Marries prostitute, adultery to represent Israel hurting God
Message of Judgement followed by restoration. Hoping for redemption, but Israel is destroyed
Jonah
Pre-exilic Israel
From South, called to proselytize to Nineveh
Pre-Exile Judah
up to 587 (Fall of Jerusalem)
Micah
Pre-exilic Judah
Form South, to South. Critical of Judah (similar to Amos).
Since Israel was destroyed, Judah better listen
Focus on heart in worship
Zephaniah
Pre-exilic Judah
Speaks against syncretism, prior to Josiah’s reforms
Nahum
Pre-exilic Judah
Judgement against Nineveh, and Assyria
Habakkuk
Pre-exilic Judah
Questions God.
Why did He let Babylon kill the king?
How can Judah be overcome by Babylon?
During Exile
Up to 539 (return to Jerusalem)
Obadiah
During Exile
586, right after the fall of Jerusalem
Speaks against the Edomites for looting Judah.
“You of all people” > descendents of Esau
Post-Exilic Judah
After the return to Judah
Haggai
Post-exilic Judah
520, after return to Jerusalem. Ministry to repatriates
Encourages rebuilding of Temple, completed 5 years later
Zechariah
Post-exilic Judah
520-518, raises hopes after exile.
Says Gentiles will come to Jerusalem because they heard about God
Some conversion will be starting, leads into life of Jesus and ministry of Paul
