Lecture 10 Zoonoses Flashcards
Yersinia pestis is a gram _____ bacillus that causes the _____. It’s reservoir is _____, and it’s vector is _____. Y. pestis causes clotting of blood which causes a ravenous hunger in the vector, causing them to bite viciously.
Negative
Plague
Rodents
Fleas
Bubonic plague is characterized by the ______ that form (swollen lymph nodes) but can progress to ______ plague if the infection spreads to the lung. The latter can also be transmitted person to person.
Buboes
Pneumonic
Y. pestis is encapsulated and has a characteristic _____ staining. It is a _____ intracellular pathogen with 3 virulence factors.
- Capsule
- Type ____ secretion system –> allows bacteria to transfer material into host cell
- proteins that block induction of host _____ response.
Bipolar
Facultative
Type III secretion system
Immune
F. tularensis is a gram _____ coccobacilli and is a _____ intracellular pathogen. Initial infection presents as an ____ when bitten by vector (ie tick) but can progress to fever, swollen _____, and weight loss. Keep in mind infection can lead to _____, but it is not transmitted human to human. Instead, infected dirt or plant material must be inhaled.
Gram Negative
Facultative
Ulcer
Glands(lymph nodes)
Pneumonia
B. hansalae is the causative agent for ____ ____ ____. It is a small, gram ____ bacillus, and is also a _____ intracellular pathogen. It can induce ______ at the infection site, usually resulting in a blister, but it can be dangerous in immunocompromised or pregnant patients.
Cat Scratch Fever
Negative
Facultative intracellular
Vascularization
Chlamydia psittaci is the causative agent for _____ (parrot fever.) Being of the chlamydia family, it is an odd gram ____ bacteria in that its cell wall is not made of _____. Instead, it is comprised of cross-linked proteins. The bacteria is spread via bird _____. Infection is usually asymptomatic, but can give rise to pneumonia with systemic infection, hepatitis, and ______. Treatment involves tetracycline or _____ (keep in mind that cell wall inhibitors won’t work because of the composition of its cell wall.)
Psittacossis
Negative
Peptidoglycan
Feces
Endocarditis
Erythromycin
Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent for listeria. The bacteria invades both _____ and non-_____ cells. Its virulence factors include _____ (a bacterial membrane protein that aids in adhesion and invasion of non-_____ cells by binding E-_____. It also produces _______-O (LLO) which is a pore-forming cytotoxin that forms pores exclusively in the _____ of the _____ cells that took it up (the plasma membrane of those cells is unharmed by the toxin.) In order to move within and between host cells, it produces the protein _____, which facilitates polymerization of ____ at one end of the bacteria.
Phagocytic and Non-Phagocytic
Internalin
E-Cadherin
Lysteriolysin-O
Phagosome
Phagocytic
ActA
Actin
There is no vector for L. monocytogenes; it is transmitted via contaminated _____. It can survive in extreme environments, including high salt concentrations, high pH, and high ____. Keep in mind that it is only motile at lower temps (21 degrees C) because its _____ genes are only expressed at this temp. It can also grow at temps less than ____ degrees C.
Food
Temps
Flagellum
4 degrees C
Prevention of L. monocytogenes infection involves careful washing of food or antiseptic spray containing 6 ______ (bacterial virus.)
Bacteriophage
B. burgdorferi is the causative agent for ___ disease. It is a _____ (morphology) bacteria (has Gram - characteristics including LPS-containing outer membrane) with a _____ that runs the length of the cell, conferring it with a corkscrew-like motility.
Lyme disease
Spirochete
Flagellum
B. burgdorferi can undergo _____ variation in a similar way to N. gonorrhea. It has a single complete vlsE gene that can undergo ______ recombination with any one of its 15-20 unexpressed vls cassettes. The vls cassettes are not complete genes, and thus cannot be expressed.
Antigenic variation
Homologous
Disease progression for Lyme disease occurs over 3 stages:
- Primary –> early localized (can take days to weeks) and 60% of patients present with a characteristic _____ rash.
- Secondary –> early disseminated (weeks to months after infection) which can lead to _____ problems, including ____ palsy, joint disease, and cardiac problems.
- Tertiary –> late disseminated (months to years) characterized by chronic skin, _____, and/or joint issues.
Bull’s eye
Neurological
Bell’s palsy
Neurological
West Nile Virus is the causative agent for West Nile fever and ______/meningitis (the latter occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised.) It is of the _______ family, which are ____ strand ssRNA viruses. Its reservoir is _____ and its vector is _____. Symptoms may occur 1-14 days after infection, but 80% of infected people are _____. About 20% progress to West Nile fever, with about 1% of infected people progressing to ______/meningitis.
Encephalitis/meningitis
Flaviviridae
+ strand ssRNA
Birds
Mosquitoes
Asymptomatic
Encephalitis
