Lecture 10 Vitamins (Fat Soluble)

Question 1

classes of vitamins

Answer 1

13

- A, D, E, K, B(1, 2, 3, 12, 6, biotin, folate, pantothenic acid), C

Question 2

Vitamin A

Answer 2

good for:

• Vision
• Cell differentiation
• antioxidants

Sources:

• animal foods (retinol-fatty acid)
• liver (storage)
• Beta-Carotene (plants), pro-vitamins/pre-vitamins

Deficiency:

• night blindness
• blindness
• impaired growth
• compromised immune

Toxicity:

• UI: 3000ug/d (1000 IU)
• CVD related mortality, reduced bone density, liver abnormalities, yellowing of skin

Question 3

Vitamin D

Answer 3

Factors affecting synthesis of VD due to sunlight:

• sunscreen (>SPF 8 prevents synthesis)
• skin pigments
• air pollution
• city living
• clothing
• geography
• time of day

Deficiency:

• abnormal bone growth
• malformed teeth

Toxicity:

• elevated blood calcium
• calcification of soft tissue
• > 40,000 IU (~1000 ug) / day for 3+ months
• > 300,000 IU (~7500 ug) in 24 hours

Question 4

Vitamin E

Answer 4

Antioxidant: protects cell membranes

• has 8 forms: alpha-tocopherol is the most effective
  
  • absorbed by liver and small intestine

Deficiency:

• Red blood cell breakage (erythrocyte hemolysis)
• premature infants –> VE transfer during last week of pregnancy

Toxicity:

• Augments the effects of anticlotting medication
• > 400 IU/day increases risk of prostate cancer, CV events, and death

Question 5

Vitamin K

Answer 5

Functions:

• assists with blood clotting proteins (co-enzyme)
• bone mineralization/demineralization
• synthesized intestinal bacteria

Deficiency:

• rare
• hemorrhage
• fractures: work with vitamin D
• babies

Toxicity:

• rare
• Vitamin K and medications: antibiotics, Warfarin (anticoagulants)
• opposes the effects of anti-clotting medication