Lecture 10: Viral Exanthems Flashcards
What are the 6 childhood exanthems?
Who is rubeola/measles most common in?
Children <5
What is the causative organism in rubeola?
Rubeola virus
How long is someone with rubeola contagious?
4 days prior to rash
4 days post rash appearance
What do koplik’s spots look like?
Tiny white spots with blue centers on buccal mucosa.
How does rubeola typically present?
-low grade fever
-dry cough
-coryza
-conjuctivitis
-sore throat
-rash
-koplik’s spots on buccal mucosa
4C’s
Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Koplik
What kind of rash does rubeola present with?
Red, blotchy skin rash
Often behind the ears and along hairline.
Usually recedes from face then extremities
Can be mistaken for scarletina.
What is unique about the fever of rubeola?
It can jump to 104-105F
What is the treatment for rubeola?
Supportive care.
AVOID ASA (Reye’s syndrome)
ABX if bacterial complications.
What is the MC complication of rubeola?
OM
2: Bronchitis
3: Pneumonia
4: Pregnancy complications
5: Encephalitis
6: Thrombocytopenia
Rubeol = 7 letters, itself + 6 complications
What is the vaccination schedule for rubeola?
12 months
4 years
Both are given in MMR form.
What is the causative organism for Mumps?
Mumps virus
How is mumps transmitted?
Airborne
Saliva
Surfaces
Mumps is ASS
How long is mumps contagious?
5 days after their glands swell.
Must isolate someone during those 5 days.
How does mumps present?
- Fever
- HA
- Muscle aches
- Tiredness
- Loss of appetite
- Parotitis
Parotitis is swollen and tender salivary glands under the ears or jaw on one or both sides of the face.
Like a chipmunk
How is mumps treated?
Supportive care only.
What are the main complications of mumps?
- Orchitis
- Encephalitis
- Oophoritis/Mastitis
- Deafness
Orchitis and Oophoritis are for when they reach puberty.
Mumps = 5 letters, itself + 4 complications
How effective is the mumps vaccine?
2 doses = 88%
1 dose = 78%
What is rubella also known as?
German Measles
3-day measles
3rd disease
What is the main concern with rubella/3rd disease?
Placental transmission
Long contagious period
It is not as contagious as mumps or rubeola, but it has a longer period of communicability.
Milder symptoms.
What are the S/S of rubella?
- Mild fever and HA
- Congestion and conjuctivitis
- Rash (face=>arm/leg=>disappears same way)
- SYMMETRICAL postauricular and occipital tender LAN
- Arthralgias
Rubella has 2 Ls, so bilateral LAN
What can cause occipital LAN besides rubella?
MC: Tick bite removal.
Occipital lymph nodes are reactive.
How long is someone with rubella contagious?
10 days prior to rash
1-2 weeks post rash DISAPPEARANCE
How long is someone with rubella contagious?
10 days prior to rash
1-2 weeks post rash DISAPPEARANCE
What is the classic triad of congenital rubella syndrome?
- Microcephaly
- Cataracts
- Cardiac defects
1/3 die before age 1.
Can also cause miscarriage or stillbirth.
What is given for congenital rubella syndrome? What does it do?
Hyperimmune globulin.
It only fights off the infection and reduces symptoms.
It DOES NOT eliminate chance of fetus developing congenital rubella syndrome.