Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 1 > Lecture 10: the nervous system part II: sensory input > Flashcards

Lecture 10: the nervous system part II: sensory input Flashcards

1
Q

What is signal transduction?

A

The conversion of environmental factors into neural information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are the five classic senses not well-considered?

A

They measure the same thing encompassed by different types of stimuli (i.e. different modalities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 5 types of signal modalities?

A 
Mechanoreception
Thermoreception
Photoreception
Chemoreception
Nociception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 5 things measured by mechanoreception?

A

Pressure, body position, sound, acceleration and gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are hair cells involved in mechanoreception found?

A

The organ of Corti
Semicircular canals
The utricle and saccule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does thermoreception take place?

A

Free nerve endings in skin and core temp sensors in hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What cell types are involved in photoreception?

A

Rod and cone cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name receptors involved in chemoreception

A

Olfactory receptors in nose

Gustatory receptors in taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does nociception measure?

A

Cellular damage (e.g. NK1 receptor for Substance P)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are lamellar corpuscles also known as?

A

Pacinian corpuscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the structure of lamellar corpuscles?

A

Dendrites surrounded by layers (lamellae) of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do lamellar corpsucles work?

A

When lamellae are distorted by physical pressure, dendrite membrane stretches, opening special sodium ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the charges of a lamellar corpuscle when at resting potential?

A

Positive outside, negative inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens when sodium rushes into the lamellar corpuscle?

A

Voltage-gated ion channels open and the signal travels down to the myelinated dendrite to soma and axon hillock, triggering AP down axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is proprioception?

A

perception or awareness of the body position or movement of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do spindles respond to (and inform the brain of)?

A

Muscle length

Rate of change of length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens when muscles stretch to propriceptors?

A

They stretch and activate. There is an increased rate of action potential in the fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pacinian corpuscles and muscle spindles are examples of _____ stimulation of sensory neurons

A

Direct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the magnitude of depolarisation of the membrane called?

A

The receptor potential or generator potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why is lamellar corpuslces considered an example of direct stimulation of sensory neurons?

A

Connective tissue sheath is not a cell

21
Q

Where are pressure waves transmitted to inside the ear?

A

Vestibular duct

22
Q

Hearing is an example of what type of sense?

A

Mechanoreception

23
Q

What do sound waves cause to vibrate within the ear?

A

Connective tissue fibres in the tectorial membrane

24
Q

When do sound waves cause connective tissue fibres in the tectorial membrane to vibrate?

A

When they match resonant frequency of the fibres

25
Q

The tectorial membrane is bathed in what?

A

High potassium ion concentration

26
Q

What are hair cells?

A

Modified epithelial cells

27
Q

From what side of the hair cell does cilia project?

A

The apical side

28
Q

The tallest cilium in each hair cell is called the…?

A

Kinocilium

29
Q

What is the kinocilium linked to?

A

The stereocilia

30
Q

What happens when the kinocilium is bend away from the sterocilia?

A

K+ channels open

31
Q

When do K+ channels close in hair cells?

A

When kinocilia is bent towards the sterocilia

32
Q

What happens when K+ channels open and depolarises hair cells?

A

Ca2+ channels open, causing neurotransmitter vesicles to migrate to membrane and dump NTs onto afferent neuron dendrites

33
Q

What structure is used to detect acceleration and gravity?

A

Domes of extracellular gel with otoliths embedded in them

34
Q

What happens to the domes of extracellular gel with otoliths embedded in them when your head moves?

A

Fluid moves past the dome, pushing it

35
Q

Where are the acceleration and gravity sensing domes located?

A

One in each of the semicircular canals and one in the saccule

36
Q

Hair cells are an example of what type of stimulation of neurons?

A

Indirect

37
Q

Sensory receptors and sensory neurons encode what 4 types of information?

A

Stimulus:

Modality, location, intensity and duration

38
Q

Sensory receptors encode what type of stimulus information?

A

Modality and location

39
Q

Integrating centers interpret what types of information?

A

Modality, location, intensity. duration

40
Q

What are the three pressure sensitive cutaneous receptors?

A

Ruffini’s endings, pacinian corpuscles, krause’ end bulbs

41
Q

What are the three fine touch cutaneous receptors?

A

Meissner’s corpuscle
Merkel disks
Root hair plexus

42
Q

What are the temperature and pain cutaneous receptors?

A

Free nerve endings

43
Q

How is the location of a stimulus determined?

A

Integrating information from several cells, processing from the brain

44
Q

How is stimulus intensity determined?

A

Frequency of APs

45
Q

All receptors adapt, what are the two types and how fast do they adapt?

A

Tonic receptors adapt slowly

Phasic receptors adapt quickly

46
Q

What system interprets APs?

A

Somatosensory system

47
Q

Where is most tactile information (sense of touch) wired to in the somatosensory system?

A

Postcentral gyrus

48
Q

How does the postcentral gyrus interpret information?

A

Different areas respond to different body parts (sensory homunculus)

Physiology 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions