Lecture 10 Skin Flashcards
(24 cards)
Common skin abnormalities.
- Hirsutism
- Some common nail disorder
- Eczema
- Psoriasis
- Seborrheic nad actinic keratosis
- Skin malignancies
Excessive growth of hair.
Hair quality tend to be thicker and darker.
In women, results in typical male pattern, such as on the face and chest
In men, it is more difficult to diagnose but can be proposed for men with overly excessive hair growth
May occur in prepubescent children and can be a sign of serious endocrine dysfunction.
What is the disease?
Hirsutism
Give me 4 causes of hirsutism.
- Adrenocortical tumours (excessive androgen)
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Mediation
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (excessive androgen)
Bacterial or fungal infection in the soft tissue.
Pathogen enters the nail crevice and cause infection around the nail.
What is the disease?
Paronychia (η²ζΊη)
Give me 2 management of paronychia.
- Determine the offending pathogen
- Oral antibiotics maybe required
Fungal infection of any component of the nail unit.
Also known as tinea unguium.
What is the disease?
Onychomycosis (η°η²)
Give me 2 management of Onychomycosis.
- A topical anti-fungal agent maybe used in association with oral anti-fungal agents.
- Nail avulsion maybe required.
Decreased perfusion to the nail unit or any number of systemic disease.
Inherited disorder.
Cause the nail plate become spoon like.
What is the disease?
Koilonychia (εη²)
Give me 2 management of Koilonychia.
- Determine the cause and manage appropriately.
- If due to nutritional deficiency, increase the deficient nutrient
Presentation:
Pruritic rash, erythematous, may become confluent to form a wide area of rash, urticaria, predominantly flexor surface.
What is the disease?
Dermatitis
Give me 2 types of dermatitis.
- Contact dermatitis (Contact with irritant)
- Atopic eczema (Eczematous dermatitis) : seasonal, pet, food, drug
Common complication of Eczema.
Excoriation β> Bleeding β> Infection
Give me 6 treatment of Eczema.
- Cornerstone is keeping the skin and lesion moisturised.
- Oral antihistamines if sever pruritis
- Topical ointments: Corticosteroid
- Short doses of oral corticosteroid in sever cases
- Phototherapy
- Antibiotic if infected
Common, chronic, scaly, no-contagious red plaques which also affects nails and joints.
What is the disease?
Psoriasis
What is the aetiology of psoriasis.
- Not fully understood
- Not allergic
- Primarily a disorder of excessive growth and reproduction of skin cells due to immune system over activation.
Caused red, scaly patches to appear on the skin.
Scaly patches, called psoriatic plaques, are area of inflammation and excessive skin production.
Skin rapidly accumulate at these site and take on a slivery-white appearance.
Plaques frequently occur on the elbow, knees and scalp but can affect any area including nails and genitals.
What is the disease?
Psoriasis
Caused red, scaly patches to appear on the skin.
Scaly patches, called psoriatic plaques, are area of inflammation and excessive skin production.
Skin rapidly accumulate at these site and take on a slivery-white appearance.
Plaques frequently occur on the elbow, knees and scalp but can affect any area including nails and genitals.
What is the disease?
Psoriasis
Give me 3 joint presentation of Psoriasis.
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Painful and appear swollen, hot and red.
- Swelling in the finger is sever, entire digits become swollen.
Give 3 most common skin cancers.
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma
Most common malignancy in human. (80% of skin cancers)
80% occur on the head and neck, with the rest mainly on the trunk and low limbs.
Begin as small papule, gradually becomes nodular and ulcerates centrally.
Exposure to the sun.
Environment and genetic factors can predispose patient.
What is the disease?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Second most common skin cancer.
Head and neck are the most common involved area.
Crusted, scaly, ulcerated lesion which can metastasise = change
What is the disease?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Give me 4 most common risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma.
- Sun exposure
- Genetic, carcinogen exposure
- Smoking
- Immunosuppression
Malignant tumor of melanocytes which found predominantly on skin.
Very serious type of skin cancer, spread rapidly, deadly.
Can be seen at any age.
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVA and UVB)
Genetic, Family Hx, light eyes, fair skin/hair, Hx of sever blistering sunburn, existing mole β naevi , male
What is the disease?
Malignant melanoma
Give me a screening moles for possible melanoma.
ABCDE
Asymmetry
Borders: irregular, ragged, notched or blurred
Colour variation: red, white and blue tone in brown or black lesion
Diameter; Bigger than 6mm
Elevation or Evolution
