Lecture 10-Pancreas and Liver Flashcards
What are the properties of chyme once it leaves the stomach?
- low pH
- hypertonic
- partially digested
Why is chyme hypertonic as it leaves the stomach?
Stomach is impermeable to water so chyme couldn’t be diluted
How does the duodenum make chyme isotonic?
Duodenum is permeable to water so the hypertonic chyme draws water in from ECF
How is the low pH of chyme counteracted in the duodenum?
Duodenum secretes secretin which acts on the pancreas to release HCO3- which neutralises the acidic chyme
How is the chyme further digested in the duodenum?
Duodenum secretes CCK which acts on the pancreas to release enzymes and on the gallbladder to contract and release bile by relaxing the sphincter of Oddi
What stimulates pancreatic secretions?
Secretin, CCK and autonomics
What type of cell produces pancreatic enzymes?
Acini cells
Which enzymes released by the pancreas are activated and which are inactivated and why?
- amylase and lipase are activated
- proteases are inactivated as they are stored in zymogen granules
Give examples of inactive proteases
- trypsin
- chymotrypsin
- elastase
- carboxypeptidase
How do pancreatic secretions reach the duodenum?
Pancreatic duct and ampulla of Vater (=hepatopancreatic duct)
What does the liver secrete into the duodenum in response to chyme?
Bile
What is bile made up of?
Bile acids and bile pigments and alkaline solution
Blood from the whole gut reaches the liver through which vessel?
Portal vein
What are the structural units of the liver hepatocytes?
Hexagonal lobules
Describe the triad of structures at each corner of a lobule
Portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct