lecture 10 - organization of NS Flashcards
describe the parts of the neuron
cell body:
- has nucleus
dendrites:
- region of input (collects info or signals)
- cytoplasmic extensions
axon:
- output regions where AP is transmitted
what are neuroglial cells?
- non-neural cells = cant produce AP
- support and protect neurons
describe the parts of the neuron from dendrite to presynaptic terminal
written down
what is axonal transport and how does it work
vesicles transport neurotransmitters in the presynaptic terminal and get released at the end of the axon and send signal to target tissue
what is the role of the vesicles
to release neurotransmitters to stimulate or inhibit the postsynaptic cell / target tissue
how can axonal transport allow for disease transmission?
b/c the vesicles can move up and down the axon transporting the neurotransmitter and the disease can get to cell bodies and to CNS
what are the different functional classifications of neurons
sensory/afferent
- AP towards CNS
motor/efferent
- AP away from CNS
interneurons/association neurons
- withing CNS from one neuron to another
- make decisions on if we make a motor response or not from sensory info
what are the different structural classifications of neurons
multipolar
many dendrites, single axon
bipolar:
1 dendrite, 1 axon
in sensory organs
unipolar / pseudo-unipolar
single process extending from cell body
- divides into 2 branches and dendrite works as sensory receptor
what are the supporting cells of the NS?
neuroglia - glue of neurons that help support and protect cells between or within space of neurons
4 neuroglial cell types in CNS
2 types in PNS
what are astrocytes? CNS
- star shaped biggest cells
- the cytoplasmic ext. forms foot processes which releases chemicals to form tight junctions between endothelial cells of capillaries
what is the blood brain barrier (astrocytes)?
job of the tight junctions is to regulate the movement of substances into and out of the Nervous tissue of brain and spinal cord
–> this creates a blood brain barrier which highly regulates anything getting into nervous tissue (protect against toxic substances)
what are ependymal cells? CNS
cells that line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of spinal cord
- they help form the choroid plexus which produces CSF
- ciliated which allows it to move CSF through venticles
what are microglia cells? CNS
theyre speciallized macrophages in the CNS who have a protective mechanism which digests dying tissues, microorganisms, foreign substances that invade CNS via phagocytic - inflmmation (wraps around thing and engulfs it)
what are oligodendrocytes? CNS
cytoplasmic extensions that surround axons and form myelin sheaths around parts of several axons
what are schwann cells? PNS
wraps around axons many times and causes cytoplasm and nucleus to be pushed towards the outside
forms myelin sheath around a portion of ONE axon