Lecture 10 - memory Flashcards
Give some examples of declarative and non declarative memory
Declarative - episodic memory, semantic memory
Non declarative - procedural memory, classical conditioning, priming, habituation
What is a major model for long term memory? Who is it by?
Atkinson and shiffrin (1968)
Sensory store ➡️ STM ↔️ (rehearsal & retrieval) LTM
What does the arrow from LTM to sensory perception mean in the Atkinson & shiffrin model?
Means that the information stored in your long term memory can influence what information you find easy or difficult to store in a sensory capacity
Descartes and lashley were both influential in the field of memory. What did they each believe?
Descartes believed that different parts of the brain held different memory traces, which were released through animal spirits controlled by the brain
Lashley believed in memory engrams, found that to remove a rats memory of a maze you had to remove a large portion of the neocortex
Which Brain areas are important for memory?
Prefrontal cortex, including the cingulate cortex
Medial temporal lobe which include some structures from the limbic system like the amygdala and the hippocampus
Also includes the endorhinal cortex which contains the parahippocampal gyrus
Cerebellum
Do all mammals have a limbic system?
What other jobs does it do?
Yes all mammals have very similar limbic systems, it’s very old, small and in the centre of the brain
The thalamus and pituitary gland are within the limbic system and are important for regulating homeostasis
Where are most memories stored?
In the neocortex
Where is procedural memories encoded, stored and retrieved from?
Basal ganglia
Which memory types are mostly dealt with by
A) the right hemisphere
B) the left hemisphere
The right deals with mostly episodic memory
The left deals with mostly semantic memory
Both are done by the temporo-frontal areas of each of these hemispheres
Which areas are most important for encoding and consolidation of both episodic and semantic memories?
The limbic system and the prefrontal cortex
What is anterograde amnesia ?
Failure to store new memories
HM
What is retrograde amnesia?
Failure to retrieve old memories
DEMENTIA
Memory can be split into long term memory and short term memory. What are the two main sub categories of long term memory?
Declarative (explicit memory) Non declarative (implicit memory)
