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GES > Lecture 10 Managed Habitats > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Managed Habitats Flashcards

1
Q

Aquatic habitats

A

Marine habitats: reclaimed land revetments

Concrete piers and moorings

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2
Q

Organisms found on sea walls:

Sea cockroach or sea slater, Ligia sp.

A 
• Crustacean
• Not insect
• Related to
crabs,
shrimp,
barnacles
• omnivore
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3
Q

Organisms found on sea walls &

elsewhere: Barnacles

A

barnacles on baleen whale

baleen whales filter feed, meaning they open their gaping mouths wide and swim into the deep blue of the ocean, taking in whatever happens to get sucked into their mouth.

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4
Q

Reservoirs

A

newest reservoirs are Punggol and Serangoon
Reservoirs which are our 16th and 17th reservoirs
• By 2011, the water catchment area has increased
from half to two-thirds of Singapore’s land
surface with the completion of the Marina,
Punggol and Serangoon reservoirs
• all the major estuaries already dammed to create
reservoirs

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5
Q

Cattail Typha spp.

A 
Monocots (1 cotyledon) 
• A.k.a. bulrushes
• Stem and leaves
make paper
• Rich in starch can
make into biofuel
• Rhizomes and heart
of stem edible
• Pollen used in TCM
• Native of America,
Africa and Eurasia
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6
Q

Water hyacinth

A

Introduced from Hong Kong, then Botanic
Gardens and then grew in ponds to feed pigs
• Thrived in Kranji reservoir with high nutrient
input from pig farms
• Reproduces primarily by way of runners or
stolons, which eventually form daughter plants
• In temperate areas, seeds are produced and
maybe viable for more than two decades

he good pest?
• Remove nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients,
heavy metals, cyanide, arsenic
• Destroy wetlands
• Eliminate native aquatic plants
• Reduce infiltration of sunlight
• Change oxygen, pH of water
• Restrict recreational use of waterways
• Can double its mass every 5 day
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7
Q

Water hyacinth

A

In the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam the
water hyacinth’s stems are a source of fibres
• Form a braid or cord used for making bags,
footwear, wreaths, hats, vases, Christmas
lanterns, and more decorative materials,
baskets, furniture and paper

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8
Q

Water Spangle Salvinia molesta

A

Free floating
• S. molesta has been used to extract nutrients
and pollutants from the water.
• When dried out it is used as mulch (improve fertility)
• Produce spores but they are genetically
defective and do not produce viable offspring

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9
Q

Hydrilla verticillata

A

Tuber makes it difficult to remove

Broken pieces of plants can grow to become new plant

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10
Q

Terrestrial Habitats

Planting programme

A 
Planting programme
• Planting along roads, parks, gardens
• Phase 1: planting over vacant areas asap
• Phase 2: add colour
• Phase 3: add fragrance
• Current phase: mixed, massed planting
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11
Q

Streetscape plantings

Rain tree albizia

A

Rain tree Albizia saman
• Bean family
• Native of Northern S America
seed pod and seeds

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12
Q

Yellow flame (native

A

Native
• Grows on rocky and sandy shores
• Legume
• Well liked by horticulturists

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13
Q

Heritage trees

A 
Chosen based on appearance
• Age (at least 30 - 40 years old)
• Height
• Girth of at least 5 m
• Botanical, cultural, historical and social
significance or aesthetic value
• Cannot be felled, no excavations around roots,
installed with lightning conductors
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14
Q

Alexandra palm

A

Native to austrialia

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15
Q

Epiphytes

A

Dragon’s scales

Oak leaf fern

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16
Q

Litophyte

A 
Plants that grow on hard surfaces like rock
or concrete
Mosses, figs, ferns
• Barbula indica
• Moss
• No flowers or seeds
• Spore capsules
• No xylem vessels
like vascular plants
17
Q

Issues

Urban area

A 
pang sua park connector 
Henderson Waves 
Highest pedestrian
bridge in
Singapore
• Connects Telok
Blangah hill park
and Mount Faber
Park
• Forming part of
the Southern
ridges
18
Q

National Parks Board

A

Newest park : Windsor Nature park

19
Q

Parks

A 
Vegetation similar to roadside plantings or
streetscapes
• Turf area much bigger
• Contain recreational facilities for fitness, play,
performance, historical artefacts etc
• Less pollution
• More ornamental plants
• Cooler, more humid, wetter
20
Q

Grass

A 
Park turf area
Tropical carpet grass or cow grass
Axonopus compressus
Manila or carpet grass Zoysia matrella
widely utilized in golf courses
Ideally one type of grass only
21
Q

Problems posed by grasslands

A

Javan myna feeding ground, increase in their
numbers
• Potential vector of avian influenza H5N1 as
they come close in contact with humans
• Need constant cutting
– rise in fossil fuel consumption
– labour intensive

22
Q

New park

A

Gardens by the Bay at Marina South

1.035 billion
101 hectares

23
Q

Roof top gardens

A

Roof top gardens
• Harsher condition
• Need drought tolerant plants
• Strong wind, rain deluge

24
Q

green roofs

A 
Advantages
– Cool building surface by 18oC
– Reduced ambient temperature by 3oC
– Reduce reflected glare by 15%
• Extra cost on
– Water proofing
– Support the extra weight of plants, soil, pots etc
– Water for irrigation
– Maintenance of the plants
25
Q

Golf Courses

A 
17 in Singapore
• Lots of turf, artificial marshland, ponds, some
trees, shrubs
• Many habitats to attract more wildlife
• Mostly quiet
• Seletar base golf course closed!
26
Q

Golf courses

A 
Not all bad
• Insecticides and pesticides under
PUB control list
• National Service Resort and Country
Club (NSRCC) Kranji, was the first to
receive the Certified Audobon
Cooperative Sanctuary award from
1999 to 2015 as well as
Environmental Stewardship Award
(1999 -2001)
27
Q

Farms

A

Crop or livestock
• Farms and farming areas have been dropping
steadily but government is increasing the
funding for growing food
• Private sector invest in foreign farmland
• Buffer against world food prices

28
Q

Future

A 
More people
• Urbanization will be the norm
• Constant pressure to develop the land for
housing, factories
• Less forest cover, now 4% forest cover
• Soil erosion due to high rainfall
29
Q

Solution

A

Political will to fund collection of propagules,
grow them in nurseries, plant them
• Move forest into urban areas
• Planting native species instead of ornamentals
• Conserve for future generations
• Potential economic benefits as they could be
sources of medicines, industrial products, useful
genes

30
Q

Urban problems

A

Bird causing noise pollution, droppings, allergens
(feather, dander),
• Diseases (avian influenza, West Nile virus)
• Planting can follow the recommendations of urban
ecologist and
• 1. avoid planting well spaced trees near apartment
blocks
• 2. avoid planting monocultures
• 3. Plant Crow-desirable species in designated areas
• 4. Plant species less suitable for crows

GES (7 decks)

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