Lecture 10 - High Yield

Question 1

What are the different divisions of the foot and what bones are found in each division?

Answer 1

Hindfoot: talus and calcaneus

Midfoot: navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms

Forefoot: metatarsals and phalanges

Question 2

What is the most congruent joint in the body?

Answer 2

Talotibial (talocrural) joint

Question 3

What movements is the talotibial joint responsible for?

Answer 3

Dorsiflexion = increased toe out

Plantarflexion = decreased toe out

Question 4

What are the components of the deltoid (medial collateral) ligament?

Answer 4

Tibionavicular part, tibiocalcanean part, anterior and posterior tibiotalar parts

Question 5

What is the weakest collateral ligaments of the ankle?

Answer 5

Lateral collateral

Question 6

What are the components of the lateral collateral ligament?

Answer 6

Anterior and posterior talofibular parts and calcaneofibular part

Question 7

What is found in the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 7

Talocalcaneal ligament (part of talocalcaneal/subtalar joint)

Question 8

What movements is the talocalcaneal joint responsible for?

Answer 8

Inversion: specifically, adduction in the vertical axis, supination in the longitudinal axis, and plantarflexion in the coronal axis

Eversion

Question 9

What 2 joints make up the talocalcaneonavicular joint?

Answer 9

Talocalcaneal and talonavicular joint; responsible for inversion and eversion

Question 10

What ligament is part of the talocalcaneonavicular joint?

Answer 10

Calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament, which helps to maintain medial longitudinal arch

Question 11

What 2 ligaments are found in the calcaneocuboid joint and which one is most important?

Answer 11

Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament and the long plantar ligament, which is the most important

Question 12

What makes up the transverse tarsal joint and what are the main functions?

Answer 12

Talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints; adds to inversion/eversion, compensates forefoot for hindfoot eversion, keeps distal foot inverted with lateral surface in contact with ground while hindfoot is everted

Note: compensation between hindfoot and forefoot is NOT possible when hindfoot is inverted

Question 13

What are some pathologies of the plantar arches?

Answer 13

Pes cavus and pes planus

Question 14

What are some support ligaments of the plantar arches?

Answer 14

Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament, which is the primary support for medial longitudinal arch

Long plantar ligament, which is the primary support for lateral longitudinal arch

Also plantar aponeurosis, plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar), and marginal abductors