Lecture 10 : Glycolysis

Question 1

Summary of metabolism

Answer 1

We kind always want to end up with acetyl CoA

Question 2

What are the 3 main phases of cellular respiration

Answer 2

1. Glycolysis
2. TCA Cycle (Kreb’s)
3. ETC (electron transport chain)

Question 3

3 pathways of what molecules our food turns into when we eat it

Answer 3

Question 4

What is the fed state

Answer 4

• 0-4 hours
• Lipids, glucose, amino acids enter gut
• Lipids pass into LIVER, liver packages up triglycerides in adipose tissue, stores fats but some transferred to muscle
• Glucose delivered everywhere, primarily to brain
• Amino acids to muscle for fuel source

Question 5

What is glycogen

Answer 5

• Stores glucose
• Highly branched glucose polymer
• 1,4 alpha and 1,6 alpha glycosidic bonds
• Stored as GRANULES in cytosol of cells
• Lots of them in liver (storage)
• Lots in muscle (only for local use, exercise, fasting)
• Broken down by glucagon / insulin in phosphorylation cascades

Question 6

What is the fasting state

Answer 6

• 4-12 hours
• Adipose tissue releases fatty acids back into circulation for fuel
• Liver, glycogen is broken down into glucose for BRAIN
• If muscle needs it, local glycogen stores broken down to glucose

Question 7

What is the starved state

Answer 7

• 12/20 hours onwards
• Adipose fatty acid release accelerated, sent to liver to release energy.
• Glucose released from liver via gluconeogenesis, liver also releases ketones (desperate) as energy source, ALL TO BRAIN
• Muscle generates lactate, also uses amino acids as energy source in dire times

Question 8

How many ATP molecules per glucose

Answer 8

28-32
Main energy source for body

Question 9

What is glycolysis

Answer 9

• Glucose, 6C sugar, split into 2 3C pyruvate molecules
• net 2 ATP produced
• net 2 NADH produced
• Pyruvate mostly (when aerobic respiration) enters TCA cycle after

Question 10

Other pathways for pyruvate

Answer 10

Question 11

How is glucose uptaken in different parts of body

Answer 11

Question 12

Glycolysis in depth summary

Answer 12

Note the arrow heads, some reactions are reversible, important in diseases or if we want to reverse reactions and create glucose

Question 13

facts

Answer 13

Question 14

Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

Answer 14

Question 15

Where do other carbs go in glycolysis

Answer 15

Question 16

What is the fate of pyruvate

Answer 16

Depends on presence of O2.

Cori cycle involves lactate, paying off o2 debt.