Lecture 10 - Fungi Saprotrophs/Symbionts

Question 1

bacteria primarily decompose .. matter

Answer 1

animal

Question 2

fungi primarily decompose .. matter

Answer 2

plant

Question 3

there is .. tonnes of C in the atmosphere

Answer 3

690

Question 4

there is … tonnes of C in the soil

Answer 4

2000

Question 5

plants photosynthesise about ./.. of atmospheric carbon per year

Answer 5

1/10th

Question 6

Hot Rot causes the decay of .. wood in the .. of a trees trunk and branches.

This results in the .. of the tree structure leaving it prone to …

Answer 6

dead, centre

weakening, breakage

-causing considerable economic damage

Question 7

mycorrizhal interactions are as old as the emergence of land plants … years ago

Answer 7

500ma

Question 8

N is especially important in ..

Answer 8

chlorophyll

Question 9

endomycorrhizae .. root cells

Answer 9

penetrate

Question 10

ectomycorrhizae … .. root cells

Answer 10

don’t penetrate

Question 11

to ‘join’ with a plant, mycorrhizal fungi must first pass the plant .. response

Answer 11

defence

Question 12

the hartig net is a site of .. exchange between a fungus and its host plant

it penetrates between the … and .. of plant roots

Answer 12

nutrient

epidermis, cortex

Question 13

…-..% of trees in boreal and temperate forests live in symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal fungi

Answer 13

80-90%

Question 14

the hyphopodium of a fungus to a plant serves for .. and … absorption

Answer 14

attachment, food

Question 15

witchweed is parasitic on .. ..

Answer 15

cereal crops

Question 16

strigolactone exudation is reduced after .. .. colonisation, beneficial as it doesn’t attract as much ..

Answer 16

arbuscular mycorrhizae
striga
-assuming strigolactone attracts both

Question 17

ericoid mycorrhizae is formed between fungi and the plant family …

Answer 17

ericaceae

Question 18

All orchids are .., this means they are obligately or partially … to their fungi

Answer 18

mycoheterotrophic
parasitic
-note that orchids may change their method of heterotrophism during lifecycle

-28000 orchid species

Question 19

Birds nest orchids show epiparasitism as they gain C from their .. interaction, which itself gains C from a living ..

Answer 19

fungal, tree