Lecture 10: Bones, Falls & Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

list the 4 minerals in bone by order of greatest amount

A
  1. calcium
  2. magnesium
  3. sodium
  4. potassium
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2
Q

If BMD is between -1 and -2.5 SD, you have _____

A

If BMD is between -1 and -2.5 SD, you have osteopenia

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3
Q

Bone quality is the structural _____ from which bone is constructed

A

Bone quality is the structural material from which bone is constructed

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4
Q

loss of BMD in OA is compensated by ________

A

loss of BMD in OA is compensated by periosteal apposition (patching)

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5
Q

why is it a problem that OA have low energy intake in relation to bone adaptation?

A

for a bone to adapt, it must have sufficient energy to rebuild itself

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6
Q

If _____ is the problem, ____ are the mechanism by which that problem becomes and injury

A

If BMD is the problem, falls are the mechanism by which that problem becomes and injury

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7
Q

Two things that worsen hearing in OA

A
  1. tinnitus
  2. fast speaking
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8
Q

for exci to work for bone adaptation there must be sufficient amounts of (list 2 things)

A
  1. calcium
  2. vitamin D
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9
Q

_____ changes in the visual system decrease visual acuity in OA

A

Anatomical changes in the visual system decrease visual acuity in OA

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10
Q

structural integrity of a bone is increased by _____ and minerals

A

structural integrity of a bone is increased by collagen and minerals

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11
Q

list the three factors affecting bone strength

A
  1. bone density
  2. bone quality
  3. bone geometry
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12
Q

TRUE or FALSE

OA have trouble masking other noises

A

TRUE

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13
Q

________ is the mass of a bone per unit volume

A

bone density is the mass of a bone per unit volume

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14
Q

define loading cycle

A

how frequently a stimulus is applied

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15
Q

____ is a raw material for bone growth

A

calcium is a raw material for bone growth

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16
Q

the stimulus during training must be at a ________level for a bone to respond

A

the stimulus during training must be at a suprathreshold level for a bone to respond

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17
Q

TRUE or FALSE

we should encourage OA to wear high heels

A

FALSE

heels decrese foot position awareness which increases the chance of falls

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18
Q

for the same bone thickness, the bone with ____ diameter is more solid

A

for the same bone thickness, the bone with larger diameter is more solid

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19
Q

condition in which you have lower than normal BMD

A

osteopenia

20
Q

preferred name for condition where the person has osteoporosis AND 1 or more fragility fracture

A

established osteoporosis

21
Q

If BMD is more than -2.5 SD, you have _______

A

If BMD is more than -2.5 SD, you have osteoporosis

22
Q

after which # of loading cycles is there no longer a positive effect?

23
Q

ACSM guideline for those diagnosed with osteoporosis (3 things)

A
  1. decrease load
  2. increase reps
  3. avoid impact exci
24
Q

less than ___ OA with a hip fracture recover sufficiently to perform ADLs

A

less than 1/3 OA with a hip fracture recover sufficiently to perform ADLs

25
Age related changes are seen in which 3 areas?
1. **sensorimotor function** 2. **vision** 3. **hearing**
26
TRUE OR FALSE Bone responds best when the loading pattern is the same as usual
**FALSE** responds better to novel loading patterns
27
2 sensorimotor factors afecting falls in OA
1. **impaired position sense** 2. **foot position awareness**
28
Fear of Falling
29
Which is easier to Fracture: Spongy or cortical bone?
**spongy**
30
4 age related changes in vision
1. **perpheral vision** 2. **glare sensitivity** 3. **dark adaptation** 4. **depth perception**
31
This condition increases spaces in bone cavities and decreases the number and size of trabeculae
**osteoporosis**
32
list the 3 most common sites for fracture
1. **spine** 2. **wrist** 3. **hip**
33
OA make errors when required to move _____ than their ability to move \_\_\_\_
OA make errors when required to move **_faster_** than their ability to move **_acurately_**
34
the two most common areas to experience a fall
1. **bathroom** 2. **stairs**
35
mechanical loading causes ________ because of flow of fluid through and around bone
mechanical loading causes **_osteogenesis_** because of flow of fluid through and around bone
36
Any fall from a standing height resulting in fracture is a ...
**fragility fracture**
37
for a bone to adapt, it must have sufficient _____ to rebuild itself
for a bone to adapt, it must have sufficient **_energy_** to rebuild itself
38
\_\_\_\_ intense bouts of exercise build bone more effectively than _____ sessions
**_short_** intense bouts of exercise build bone more effectively than **_longer_** sessions
39
response of bone to mechanical stimulus is proportional to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
response of bone to mechanical stimulus is proportional to the **_loading cycle_**
40
The combination of ____ and ____ can increase the BMD of the spine
The combination of **_exercise_** and **_calcium supplementation_** can increase the BMD of the spine
41
condition where bone mass and structure decline to a point where there is an increase in fragility and susceptibility to fracture
**osteoporosis**
42
ACSM guideline to preserve bone health in adulthood
**moderate to high weight bearing endurance activies**
43
OA complain about _____ someone speak, but not being able to make sense of the \_\_\_\_\_
OA complain about **_hearing_** someone speak, but not being able to make sense of the **_words_**
44
what vitamin facilitates absorption of calcium into blood
**Vitamin D**
45
women have a \_\_\_\_% chance of sustaining a fracture in their lifetime
women have a **_40_**% chance of sustaining a fracture in their lifetime