Lecture 10: Bones, Falls & Fractures Flashcards
list the 4 minerals in bone by order of greatest amount
- calcium
- magnesium
- sodium
- potassium
If BMD is between -1 and -2.5 SD, you have _____
If BMD is between -1 and -2.5 SD, you have osteopenia
Bone quality is the structural _____ from which bone is constructed
Bone quality is the structural material from which bone is constructed
loss of BMD in OA is compensated by ________
loss of BMD in OA is compensated by periosteal apposition (patching)
why is it a problem that OA have low energy intake in relation to bone adaptation?
for a bone to adapt, it must have sufficient energy to rebuild itself
If _____ is the problem, ____ are the mechanism by which that problem becomes and injury
If BMD is the problem, falls are the mechanism by which that problem becomes and injury
Two things that worsen hearing in OA
- tinnitus
- fast speaking
for exci to work for bone adaptation there must be sufficient amounts of (list 2 things)
- calcium
- vitamin D
_____ changes in the visual system decrease visual acuity in OA
Anatomical changes in the visual system decrease visual acuity in OA
structural integrity of a bone is increased by _____ and minerals
structural integrity of a bone is increased by collagen and minerals
list the three factors affecting bone strength
- bone density
- bone quality
- bone geometry
TRUE or FALSE
OA have trouble masking other noises
TRUE
________ is the mass of a bone per unit volume
bone density is the mass of a bone per unit volume
define loading cycle
how frequently a stimulus is applied
____ is a raw material for bone growth
calcium is a raw material for bone growth
the stimulus during training must be at a ________level for a bone to respond
the stimulus during training must be at a suprathreshold level for a bone to respond
TRUE or FALSE
we should encourage OA to wear high heels
FALSE
heels decrese foot position awareness which increases the chance of falls
for the same bone thickness, the bone with ____ diameter is more solid
for the same bone thickness, the bone with larger diameter is more solid
condition in which you have lower than normal BMD
osteopenia
preferred name for condition where the person has osteoporosis AND 1 or more fragility fracture
established osteoporosis
If BMD is more than -2.5 SD, you have _______
If BMD is more than -2.5 SD, you have osteoporosis
after which # of loading cycles is there no longer a positive effect?
40 cycles
ACSM guideline for those diagnosed with osteoporosis (3 things)
- decrease load
- increase reps
- avoid impact exci
less than ___ OA with a hip fracture recover sufficiently to perform ADLs
less than 1/3 OA with a hip fracture recover sufficiently to perform ADLs
Age related changes are seen in which 3 areas?
- sensorimotor function
- vision
- hearing
TRUE OR FALSE
Bone responds best when the loading pattern is the same as usual
FALSE
responds better to novel loading patterns
2 sensorimotor factors afecting falls in OA
- impaired position sense
- foot position awareness
Fear of Falling
Which is easier to Fracture: Spongy or cortical bone?
spongy
4 age related changes in vision
- perpheral vision
- glare sensitivity
- dark adaptation
- depth perception
This condition increases spaces in bone cavities and decreases the number and size of trabeculae
osteoporosis
list the 3 most common sites for fracture
- spine
- wrist
- hip
OA make errors when required to move _____ than their ability to move ____
OA make errors when required to move faster than their ability to move acurately
the two most common areas to experience a fall
- bathroom
- stairs
mechanical loading causes ________ because of flow of fluid through and around bone
mechanical loading causes osteogenesis because of flow of fluid through and around bone
Any fall from a standing height resulting in fracture is a …
fragility fracture
for a bone to adapt, it must have sufficient _____ to rebuild itself
for a bone to adapt, it must have sufficient energy to rebuild itself
____ intense bouts of exercise build bone more effectively than _____ sessions
short intense bouts of exercise build bone more effectively than longer sessions
response of bone to mechanical stimulus is proportional to the __________
response of bone to mechanical stimulus is proportional to the loading cycle
The combination of ____ and ____ can increase the BMD of the spine
The combination of exercise and calcium supplementation can increase the BMD of the spine
condition where bone mass and structure decline to a point where there is an increase in fragility and susceptibility to fracture
osteoporosis
ACSM guideline to preserve bone health in adulthood
moderate to high weight bearing endurance activies
OA complain about _____ someone speak, but not being able to make sense of the _____
OA complain about hearing someone speak, but not being able to make sense of the words
what vitamin facilitates absorption of calcium into blood
Vitamin D
women have a ____% chance of sustaining a fracture in their lifetime
women have a 40% chance of sustaining a fracture in their lifetime
