Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathogenic microbiology > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are some traits of myobacerium?

A
  1. gram positive
  2. aerobes
  3. make catalase
  4. no capsules, flagella, or spores
  5. grow slowly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are some general characteristics of myobacterium?

A
  1. very slow growing
  2. protected from lysis once they are phagocytosized
  3. can grow intracellular
  4. resistant to detergents and many common antimicrobial drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do all mycobacteria produce?

A

mycolic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

true or false: M. tuberculosis produces both exo and endo toxins?

A

FALSE!!! it doesnt produce any sort of toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the main virulence factor of M. tuberculosis?

A

contain complex waxes and cord factor that prevent destruction by lysosomes or macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are some traits of the cord factor?

A
  1. give culture media the corded look
  2. causes weight loss
  3. binds cells of M. tuberculosis so they are further resistant to immune system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 major human myobacterium infections?

A
  1. M. tuberculosis (tuberculosis)
  2. M. leprae (leprosy)
  3. M. ulcerans (buruli ulcer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is TB transmitted?

A
  1. droplets from infected individual
  2. aerosolization
  3. skin inoculation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what factors influence how contagious tuberculosis is?

A
  1. how close
  2. how long
  3. how many infectious droplet nuclei
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the three groups clinical tuberculosis is divided into?

A
  1. primary
  2. secondary (reactivation or reinfection)
  3. disseminated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

primary tuberculosis infection begins when the bacteria reach what?

A

the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are tubercles?

A

small, hard nodules formed when macrophages surround and phagocytosize M. tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what causes caseous necrosis?

A

the release of M. tuberculosis when the infected cells within the tubercle in the center die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a tuberculous cavity?

A

when the center of the tubercle liquefies and becomes filled with air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do granulomas benefit bacteria?

A

by recruiting macrophages that serve as additional sanctuaries for bacterial growth and population expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do granulomas benefit the host?

A

represent sites for optimal interactions between pathogen infected antigen presenting cells in close apposition to effector T lymphocytes to allow for immune control of mycobacterial infection

17
Q

what is the result of granulomas?

A

a stalemate, establishment and persistence of granulomas

18
Q

how doe secondary/reactivated tuberculosis occur?

A

occurs with waning cell mediated immunity

19
Q

what happens to tubercles in secondary/reactivated tuberculosis?

A

they expand and drain into the bronchial tubes and upper respiratory tract

20
Q

how does one get to disseminated TB?

A

during secondary TB, bacilli disseminate to regional lymph nodes, kidneys, long bones, genital tract, brain and meninges

21
Q

what are some predisposing factors of TB?

A
  1. inadequate nutrition
  2. debilitation of the immune system
  3. poor access to medical care
  4. lung damage
  5. genetics
22
Q

how is TB diagnosed?

A
  1. in vivo or tuberculin testing
  2. X rays
  3. direct identification of acid fast bacilli in specmen
  4. cultural isolation and biochemical testing
23
Q

what is the mantoux test?

A

it is a local intradermal injection of purified protein derivative, look for red bump to form in 48-72 hours, presence of swelling

24
Q

what are the limitations of TB skin test?

A

not sensitive (false negatives)

25
Q

what are IGRA’s?

A

interferon gamma release assays, they measure ifn gamma response of whole blood cells to TB antigens, whole blood from patient is incubated with TB proteins to detect presence of sensitized WBCs as evidence of prior TB infection

26
Q

what is a problem of using chest x rays to diagnose TB?

A

it cannot confirm diagnosis of TB

27
Q

how are bacteria such as TB considered acid fast?

A

they hold onto the first dye during an acid fast test and resist the acid wash

28
Q

why are cultures very useful?

A

they are used to confirm the diagnosis of TB

29
Q

what is DOT?

A

directly observed treatment, refers to a TB control strategy that combines 5 different components

30
Q

what is XDR tuberculosis?

A

extensively drug resistance TB, resistant to INH and rifampin and quinolones and injectables

Pathogenic microbiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions