Lecture 10 Flashcards
Why does a cell need energy?
To do work: 1) Make new materials 2) Movement 3) Transport - pumping substances across membranes
Where is the cells energy generated?
Cytosol - Glycolysis
Matrix - Pyruvate oxidation & Citric acid cycle
Mitochondria membrane/cristae - electron transport chain
What is the structure of mitochondria?
bounded by a double membrane. Its inner membrane is highly folded - crust. increase SA means more ATP production
What is the mitochondria function?
Cellular respiration
What happens during glycolysis?
Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules. 2 ATP molecules are released
What happens during pyruvate oxidation?
Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl coenzyme A
What happens during the Krebs cycle?
A series of reactions occur: Acetyl coenzyme A is further oxidised, CO2 & 2 ATP molecules are produced
What happens during the Electron transport chain?
Electrons move down chain losing energy
H+ and oxygen are reduced to water
What is the function of NAD+ ?
NAD+ is reduced to NADH as it receives 2e- & H+. It brings electrons and hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain?
What happens to the electron at the transport chain?
Electron are transferred from NAD+ to membrane carrier proteins. They are then shuttled down the electron chain to the terminal receptor O2 where electrons are transferred to the H+ & O2 forming water
What happens to the hydrogen at the transport electron chain?
H+ is transported through membrane as electrons move down the transport chain. Electron lose energy as they are shuttled down chain, the accumulation of H+ on the outside of the membrane creates a proton motive force - as H+ diffuses back into matrix through ATP synthase, ATP is synthesised.
Mitochondria can produce some mitochondrial proteins as they?
Contain mitochondrial DNA & ribosomes
