Lecture 10 2/10/25 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of panosteitis?
-common condition of long bones in young, large breeds
-males are 4 times more likely to be affected
-causes mild to severe lameness
-self-limiting with no permanent effects
-etiology unknown
What is the presentation of dogs with panosteitis?
-otherwise healthy dogs present with lameness that is acute or rapidly progressive
-lameness that may be severe to the point of barely toe-touching
-lameness persists several days to weeks
-potential for multiple affected limbs and shifting lameness
-generally resolves by 1 to 2 years of age
What is the histopathology of panosteitis?
-increased osteoblastic and fibroblastic activity in periosteum, endosteum, and medullary cavity
-fibrosis of the medullary cavity
-no real acute or chronic evidence of inflammation
What are the clinical findings of panosteitis?
-pain on palpation of the diaphyseal regions of long bones
-may have fever and decreased appetite
-may see changes on radiographs; not always
What are the radiographic findings of early phase panosteitis?
-blurring and increased radiodensity of trabecular patterns
-contrast between cortex and medullary canals is less distinct
-often asymptomatic at this stage
What are the radiographic findings of middle phase panosteitis?
-patchy, sclerotic densities; especially around the nutrient foramen
-possible periosteal reaction
What are the radiographic findings of late phase panosteitis?
-medullary cavity becomes normal density
-cortex may remain thicker
What are characteristics of panosteitis treatment and prognosis?
-done in symptomatic animals
-NSAIDs +/- other analgesics
-large breed growth or adult diet
-do NOT supplement with calcium
-excellent prognosis
What are the characteristics of hypertrophic osteodystrophy?
-seen in young dogs of medium and large breeds
-predisposed in great danes, retrievers, and weimaraners
-males 2x more likely than females
-gross swelling of distal metaphyses of radius and ulna and sometimes tibia; NOT at joints
-often have systemic involvement; fever, anorexia, pain, arched back, decreased activity, diarrhea
-less common than panosteitis
What is the pathophysiology of hypertrophic osteodystrophy?
-recent evidence to suggest immune-mediated pathophysiology in weimaraners
-likely NOT due to vitamin C deficiency
What is the histopathology of hypertrophic dystrophy?
-thickened periosteum with fibrosis and vascular hypertrophy
-zone of disrupted trabeculae/necrosis in the metaphysis immediately adjacent and parallel to the growth plate
What are the radiographic signs of hypertrophic osteodystrophy?
-radiolucency in metaphysis parallel to physis
-extraperiosteal cuff of calcification along the metaphysis
-permanent thickening of metaphysis
-premature closure of the physis and secondary angular limb deformities
What are the characteristics of hypertrophic osteodystrophy treatment and prognosis?
-symptomatic treatment
-NSAIDs, fluids, and supportive care
-immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids if autoimmune in etiology
-NEVER combine steroids with NSAIDs
-usually improve within 7 to 10 days, but bony lesions can linger for months
-prognosis good to guarded; can have permanent angular limb deformities
-severe illness may warrant euthanasia
What are the characteristics of hypertrophic osteopathy?
-associated with thoracic or abdominal masses; neoplasia or Spirocerca lupi
-present with lameness, reluctance to move, firm swellings of distal limbs
-seen in middle aged to older dogs
-may be due to autonomic neural vascular reflex mechanisms
-ALWAYS look for tumors, especially in thorax
-removal of mass may result in resolution of bony changes over weeks to months
What are the radiographic signs of hypertrophic osteopathy?
-periosteal reaction beginning in the digits
-other bones may become involved over time
What is the prognosis of hypertrophic osteopathy?
poor unless a parasitic cause is identified
