lecture 1: Water, acids, bases, and buffers

Question 1

Anion Gap

Answer 1

Cations - Anions. (Na) - (Cl+HCO3-)
Average 8-12 meq/l
Higher means metabolic acidosis,
lower means metabolic alkalosis.

Question 2

Bicarbonate buffer system

Answer 2

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-

Lungs . Tissues

Question 3

Phosphate ions buffer system where?

Answer 3

Intercellular fluid - H2PO4- dissociates into H+ and HPO4-2

Question 4

Ammonia buffers what system?

Answer 4

urinary pH — NH3 + H+ ↔ NH4+

Question 5

Metabolic acidosis Lab results

Answer 5

H+: Up pH: Down pCO2: Down HCO3: Down

Question 6

Metabolic alkalosis Lab results

Answer 6

H+: Down pH: Up pCO2: Up HCO3: Up

Question 7

Respiratory acidosis Lab results

Answer 7

H+: Up pH: Down pCO2: Up HCO3: Up

Question 8

Respiratory alkalosis Lab Results

Answer 8

H+: Down pH: Up pCO2: Down HCO3: Down