lecture 1- types of joints

Question 1

anatomy & physiology are …

Answer 1

ALWAYS RELATED

Question 2

definition of ANATOMY

Answer 2

• means to CUT OPEN
• study of STRUCTURE
  “what is it ? what is it made of?”

Question 3

definition of PHYSIOLOGY

Answer 3

-study of FUNCTION
“what does it do ?”

Question 4

recite anatomical position

Answer 4

standing erect
arms at side
palms forward
feet close together

Question 5

name the 4 tissue types - ECMN

Answer 5

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

Question 6

epithelial

Answer 6

covering & lining
glands

Question 7

connective (BBCDL)

Answer 7

bone
blood
cartilage
dense
loose

Question 8

muscular (CSS)

Answer 8

cardiac
skeletal
smooth

Question 9

nervous (NS)

Answer 9

neurons
support cells

Question 10

BONE CLASSIFICATION (LSFI)

Answer 10

long
short
flat
irregular

Question 11

long / tubular

Answer 11

bones of limbs (not including wrist, ankle, kneecap)
EX. femur & humerus

Question 12

short / cuboidal

Answer 12

bones of wrists & ankles
patella

Question 13

sesamoid bones

Answer 13

grow in specific tendons (patella) (mainly in the foot) (look like corn kernels)

Question 14

flat bones (purpose & example)

Answer 14

used as protection
- skull, sternum

Question 15

irregular

Answer 15

various shapes
vertebrae, facial bones

Question 16

MUSCLES

Answer 16

contractions produce movement

Question 17

muscle ORIGIN

Answer 17

proximal end, will not be moved
does not move during contracted

Question 18

muscle INSERTION

Answer 18

distal end that moves
moves towards origin in contraction

Question 19

TENDONS (definition)

Answer 19

MUSCLE TO BONE
made of bundles of collagen fibres
moves the bone

Question 20

LIGAMENTS

Answer 20

ATTACHES BONE TO BONE
dense connective tissue of collagen fibers
elastic properties, lengthen over time

Question 21

JOINTS (defintion)

Answer 21

hold bones together & allow skeletal movement

Question 22

JOINT ARTICULATION (definition)

Answer 22

junction between 2 or more bones

Question 23

3 JOINT CLASSIFICATIONS

Answer 23

fibrous joints (immovable)
cartilaginous joints (semi moveable)
synovial joints (moveable)

Question 24

CARTILAGINOUS (definition)

Answer 24

separated by cartilage
primary = hyaline
secondary = fibrocartilage

Question 25

FIBROUS

Answer 25

joint by fibrous tissues
immovable
EX. skull sutures

Question 26

SYNOVIAL (6 types)

Answer 26

most comment
moveable
lubricated by synovial fluid

Question 27

synovial fluid importance

Answer 27

lubricate
clean
allows movement

Question 28

SYNOVIAL JOINT TYPES (PHPCSB)

Answer 28

plane
hinge
pivot
condyloid
saddle
ball & socket

Question 29

PLANE JOINT

Answer 29

articulating surfaces are flat/slightly curved
back and forth, side to side movements = uniaxial
EX. intercarpal wrist joints, intertarsal feet joints

Question 30

HINGE JOINT

Answer 30

cylindrical end fits into other shaped surface of another bone
uniaxial, but flexion & extension only
EX knee

Question 31

PIVOT JOINTS

Answer 31

one bone into ring/sleeve of another
uniaxial, rotation
EX. radioulnar, c1&c2 dens

Question 32

CONDYLOID JOINTS

Answer 32

round surface fits into concavity of another
biaxial, sagittal & coronal plane movement
EX knuckles, wrist

Question 33

SADDLE JOINTS

Answer 33

articular surface of 1 is saddle shaped, other bone fits into saddle
biaxial
EX thumb

Question 34

BALL & SOCKET

Answer 34

spherical head of 1 fits into socket of another
multiaxial (rotation)
EX. shoulder & hip