#2 - cranium & spinal column Flashcards
cranium has ___ bones
8
bones of the cranium (F,O,T,P,S,E)
frontal
occipital
temporal x2
parietal x2
sphenoid
ethmoid
there are ___ facial bones
14
all facial bones: (M,V,M,I,Z,P,N,L)
mandible
vomer
maxilla x2
inferior nasal conchae x2
zygomatic x2
palatine x2
nasal x2
lacrimal x2
vertebrae:
(& how many)
cervical = 7
thoracic = 12
lumbar = 5
sacral = 5
coccyx = 4
33 altogether
the ___ joins vertebrae to vertebral arch
PEDICLE
the VERTEBRAL ARCH is ___ to the body & made of ____ & ____
posterior,
right & left pedicles + laminae
LAMINAE are ___ plates of bone, that ___ from each ___ toward midline
flat
project, pedicle
VERTEBRAL FORAMEN:
-formed by ___ & ____ vertebral body
it is largest in _-spine & smallest in _-spine
the hole.
vertebral arch, posterior
C-spine, T-spine
when the vertebrae is stacked on top of one another, it creates a passage for the ___ ___
spinal cord
ARTICULAR PROCESSES/FACETS.
the ___ facet from vertebrae ___ joins with ___ facet ___.
this forms ___
2 superior, 2 inferior
superior, below
inferior, above
zygoapophyseal joints
zygoapophyseal joints:
what they do & example of articulation
resist motion in specific directions
L2 L3 zygoapophyseal joint;
inferior L3 articulates with superior L2
orientations of movement:
C-spine
T-spine
L-spine
C = 45
T = 60
L = 90
INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN:
superior notch of one vertebrae & inferior notch of another.
spinal nerves exit through it
CERVICAL SPINE:
size of vertebral bodies
superior & inferior articular processes:
size of vertebral foramen
small,
Superior = superior/posterior
inferior = inferior/anterior
large (for plexuses)
C1 / atlas has…
no true spinous processes, body, or IVD
the body is replaced with c2 dens.
C2 / axis,
rotates
has thickest lamina of all C-spine
has small transverse processes
transitions of spine
C7 to T1
T12 to L1
THORACIC SPINE
vertebral bodies have ___ on sides
demifacets (form joints)
THORACIC SPINE
spinous processes are
short & overlapping
THORACIC SPINE
transverse processes are
posteriolateral
THORACIC SPINE
___ ___ ___ on tips articulate with ___
anterior costal facets, ribs
THORACIC SPINE
each vertebrae has 3 articulations =
body of vertebrae above (1)
body of vertebrae below (2)
facet on transerve processes (3)
THORACIC SPINE atypical
T9, T10, T11, T12
LUMBAR SPINE SPECIFICS
size of vertebral bodies
shape of vertebral foramen
larger than cervical but smaller than thoracic
v.b are large
vertebral foramen is triangular
holds most amount of weight
LUMBAR SPINE
vertebral foramen
L1 & spinal cord
below L2 & cauda equina
LUMBAR SPINE
articular processes
anterior & posterior for rotation
sacrum:
shape/size
articulation
large & triangle shaped
L5
thoracic/ ribcage
elastic arches connect ___ with ___
anteriorly, sternum
__ true ribs connecting ___
__ false ribs connecting ___
__ free floating ends
7 true ribs - superior.
connect to sternum
5 false ribs - inferior
connects to cartilage
11 & 12
ribs
anterior end/costal end
costochondral & sternocostal joints
