Lecture 1 - The cell, Sperm/Egg, Anatomy of Human Cells, Cell Diversity in Humans, Cell as a Factory

Question 1

The cell - What is the smallest unit in the human body?

Answer 1

The cell

Question 2

The cell - Humans are ______ which means we have a ________

Answer 2

eukaryotes, true membrane-enclosed nucleus

Question 3

The cell - Bacteria are _____ which means they ____ have a ______

Answer 3

prokaryotes, do not have a true membrane-enclosed nucleus.

Question 4

The cell - humans have over _______ different types of cells with specialized functions that make up tissues and organs

Answer 4

200 different types of cells,

Question 5

the cell - the genome of eukaryotes _____ in the _____ and _________

Answer 5

resides, nucleus, directs the activities of each cell

Question 6

The egg and sperm - An unfertilized egg and sperm are _______ cells each containing _____

Answer 6

haploid cells each containing one copy of the human genome

• The sperm and the egg each contain one copy of each of our twenty-three pairs of chromosomes, resulting from a special cell division process called meiosis

Question 7

The egg and sperm - A fertilized egg is a ______ cell containing ______

Answer 7

A diploid cell containing two copies of each of the 23 pairs of chromosomes (one from the egg and the other from the sperm)

• The fertilized egg has a full human genome, containing two copies of each chromosome.

Question 8

The egg and sperm - A _______ is the largest cell in the human body

Answer 8

fertilized human egg

Question 9

The egg and sperm - A fertilized human egg is also known as a ____ travelling through the fallopian tube

Answer 9

the zygote

Question 10

Anatomy of human cells - There are more than ____ types of somatic cells (body) in the human body

Answer 10

200 types of somatic cells
- Different types of somatic cells (to name a few):
–> RBC,
–> Columnar epithelial cells,
–> Ovum cells (for egg),
–> Smooth muscle cells,
–> Bone Cell,
–> Nerve Cell.
–> Sperm Cell

Question 11

Cell Diversity in humans - The human body contains over ______ trillion cells (including somatic cells)

Answer 11

120 trillion cells

Question 12

Cell diversity in humans - How do human cells differ from each other?

Answer 12

Types differ in size, shape, subcellular components, and
functions

Question 13

Cell diversity in humans - Every cell in the human body has the same genome, which consists of two copies of the 23 chromosomes. What is the exception?

Answer 13

Sperm, eggs, and red blood cells do not have the same genome that normally consists of two copies of the 23 chromosomes.

This is because an unfertilized egg and sperm are haploid cells containing one copy of each of our twenty-three pairs of chromosomes (from meiosis)

Question 14

The cell as a factory - the cell as a factory with different regions performs different functions that allow each cell to have an _______

Answer 14

independent life

Question 15

The cell as a factory - human cells cannot function entirely independently, as they need ____

Answer 15

sources of nutrients and oxygen.

Question 16

The cell as a factory - Cells also need their _________ or the cell environment can become toxic

Answer 16

garbage removed

Question 17

The cell as a factory - Once the ideal conditions are achieved and centrioles are present each cell can ____

Answer 17

have its own genome, make its own proteins, have the energy to drive
its own reactions, and divide