Lecture 1- Subcellular Structure Flashcards
How many repeating structures make up dna?
3
How many amino acids make up proteins?
20
What is a cell?
Basic components of living organisms.
How are cells formed?
By the divison of existing cells and reproducing to make daughter cells
What are the two main types of cells?
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Give 3 differences between prokaryotes and euokaryotes
- Prokaryotes dont have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles while eukaryotes do.
- The DNA is localised in the cytosol in the prokaryotes while it is localized in the nucleus in eukaryotes.
- Prokaryotes are smaller
T/F all cells have a boundary
True
What does the capsule do?
It is a slime layer that helps bacteria to stick to surfaces and evade white blood cells.
What are ribosomes?
The site of protein synthesis and translation. They are made of proteins and ribomal RNA.
What are plasmates?
Small circular DNA present in dna that offer anti biotic resistance.
What are cytoplasms?
Provides an aqueous material for cell processes
What does the nucleus do?
The nucleus stores hereditary material or dna
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
A membrane enclosed passageway that is responsible for transporting materials such as proteins synthesised by ribosomes.
What is the mitochondria?
It is the site of respiration. It is where energy is made in the cell.
What is the difference between animal and plant cells?
Plants cells photocynthecise with the help of the chloroplast.
What are bacterial cell walls made of?
peptiodoglycans
What is flagella used for?
locomotion
What is the mesosome?
Internals folds of the plasma membrane.
What is an organelle?
a specializes subunit of a cell that has a specific function for eg. nucleus and mitochondria
Where is the site of replication and transcription?
The nucleus
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough Er and Smooth ER
Describe the rough ER
Its surface is covered with ribosomes for the synthesis of proteins.
Describe the smooth ER
a membranous organelle within cells that lacks ribosomes on its surface and is involved in lipid metabolism, detoxification, and calcium ion storage.
What is the function of Gogli Apparatus?
Responsible for modifying (folding), sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport to their intended destinations
What are lysosomes?
An organelle that destroys cells.
What are vacuoles?
Temporary storage of wastes.
T/F mitochondrias and chloroplasts contain its own dna
True
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides support to the cell
What is the function of the cell membrane?
A lipid biolayer that allows for selective entry in and out of the cell.
What are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Both have DNA.
Both have ribosomes.
Both have cytoplasms.
Both have cell membranes.
Where are ribosomes made?
In the nucleolus
T/F Animal cells have cell walls.
False
