Lecture 1- Subcellular Structure

Question 1

How many repeating structures make up dna?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

How many amino acids make up proteins?

Answer 2

20

Question 3

What is a cell?

Answer 3

Basic components of living organisms.

Question 4

How are cells formed?

Answer 4

By the divison of existing cells and reproducing to make daughter cells

Question 5

What are the two main types of cells?

Answer 5

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 6

Give 3 differences between prokaryotes and euokaryotes

Answer 6

1. Prokaryotes dont have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles while eukaryotes do.
2. The DNA is localised in the cytosol in the prokaryotes while it is localized in the nucleus in eukaryotes.
3. Prokaryotes are smaller

Question 7

T/F all cells have a boundary

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What does the capsule do?

Answer 8

It is a slime layer that helps bacteria to stick to surfaces and evade white blood cells.

Question 9

What are ribosomes?

Answer 9

The site of protein synthesis and translation. They are made of proteins and ribomal RNA.

Question 10

What are plasmates?

Answer 10

Small circular DNA present in dna that offer anti biotic resistance.

Question 11

What are cytoplasms?

Answer 11

Provides an aqueous material for cell processes

Question 12

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 12

The nucleus stores hereditary material or dna

Question 13

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 13

A membrane enclosed passageway that is responsible for transporting materials such as proteins synthesised by ribosomes.

Question 14

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 14

It is the site of respiration. It is where energy is made in the cell.

Question 15

What is the difference between animal and plant cells?

Answer 15

Plants cells photocynthecise with the help of the chloroplast.

Question 16

What are bacterial cell walls made of?

Answer 16

peptiodoglycans

Question 17

What is flagella used for?

Answer 17

locomotion

Question 18

What is the mesosome?

Answer 18

Internals folds of the plasma membrane.

Question 19

What is an organelle?

Answer 19

a specializes subunit of a cell that has a specific function for eg. nucleus and mitochondria

Question 20

Where is the site of replication and transcription?

Answer 20

The nucleus

Question 21

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 21

Rough Er and Smooth ER

Question 22

Describe the rough ER

Answer 22

Its surface is covered with ribosomes for the synthesis of proteins.

Question 23

Describe the smooth ER

Answer 23

a membranous organelle within cells that lacks ribosomes on its surface and is involved in lipid metabolism, detoxification, and calcium ion storage.

Question 23

What is the function of Gogli Apparatus?

Answer 23

Responsible for modifying (folding), sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport to their intended destinations

Question 23

What are lysosomes?

Answer 23

An organelle that destroys cells.

Question 23

What are vacuoles?

Answer 23

Temporary storage of wastes.

Question 24

T/F mitochondrias and chloroplasts contain its own dna

Answer 24

True

Question 24

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 24

Provides support to the cell

Question 25

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 25

A lipid biolayer that allows for selective entry in and out of the cell.

Question 26

What are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 26

Both have DNA.
Both have ribosomes.
Both have cytoplasms.
Both have cell membranes.

Question 27

Where are ribosomes made?

Answer 27

In the nucleolus

Question 28

T/F Animal cells have cell walls.

Answer 28

False