DNA Structure and Processes

Question 1

What does DNA store?

Answer 1

The genetic material of the body

Question 2

How many nucleotides make up genes? Name them.

Answer 2

4 namely: Adenine, Thynine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 3

What is DNA first transcribed to?

Answer 3

RNA

Question 4

What is a genome?

Answer 4

The entire genetic material of a cell that stores cellular information later transformed into functional and structural roles

Question 5

What are Alleles?

Answer 5

responsible for the diversity of traits or characteristics in a population or among individuals within a species. Example eye colour

Question 6

What are chromosomes?

Answer 6

Long strands of DNA coiled around proteins called histones.

Question 7

What are introns?

Answer 7

Non coding regions of DNA. They are taken out before translation to make a mature mRNA.

Question 8

What are exons?

Answer 8

Coding regions of DNA.

Question 9

What links the nucleotides within a DNA strand?

Answer 9

phosphodiester bond

Question 10

How many components make up a nucleotide? Name them

Answer 10

3. Namely:
4. The carbon monosaccharide deoxyribose (sugar)
5. A phosphate group
6. A nitrogenous base

Question 11

What is attached to carbon 1?

Answer 11

The nitrogenous base

Question 12

What is attached to carbon 5?

Answer 12

A phosphate group

Question 13

What two groups are the nucleotide bases divided into?

Answer 13

Purines and pyrimidines

Question 14

Name the purines?

Answer 14

Adenine and guanine

Question 15

What is attached to the carbon 3?

Answer 15

OH

Question 16

What holds the two strands of a DNA?

Answer 16

Hydrogen bonds

Question 17

How many hydrogen bonds are between adenine and thynine?

Answer 17

2

Question 18

What is the central dogma?

Answer 18

Represents information flow within organisms. DNA->RNA->Protein

Question 19

Why is DNA replication necessary?

Answer 19

essential for the accurate transmission of genetic information from one generation of cells or organisms to the next.

Question 20

What is DNA transcription?

Answer 20

the process by which a complementary RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template strand.

Question 21

What direction does replication take place?

Answer 21

5 prime to 3 prime

Question 22

What two molecules separate the strands in DNA replication?

Answer 22

topoisomerase and helicase

Question 23

What does DNA polymerase do?

Answer 23

adds nucleotides into a 3 prime end of a growing DNA strand

Question 24

DNA is semi conservative. What does that mean?

Answer 24

Only one strand is new while another comes from the parent

Question 25

What is the name of the strand that is synthesized continously?

Answer 25

The leading strand

Question 26

What is the name of that short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Answer 26

The Okazaki strand

Question 27

What is RNA?

Answer 27

Ribonucleic Acid is a molecule that serves as a temporary copy of genetic information from DNA and plays essential roles in protein synthesis, gene regulation, and various cellular processes.

Question 28

T/F RNA is double stranded

Answer 28

False RNA is single stranded

Question 29

What sugar is in RNA?

Answer 29

ribose

Question 30

What are the three types of RNA molecules involved in protein synthesis.

Answer 30

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 31

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 31

In the nucleus of the cell

Question 31

What is the name of the enzyme used to synthesize DNA?

Answer 31

DNA polymerase

Question 32

List the components of ribonucleotides?

Answer 32

Ribose
Phosphate group
The nitrigenous base

Question 33

What separates DNA strands for replication?

Answer 33

helicase and topoisomerase

Question 34

What keeps the DNA strands from going back together?

Answer 34

Single-stranded Binding Protein

Question 35

What is the cite of protein synthesis?

Answer 35

The ribosome

Question 36

What does tRNA DO?

Answer 36

transfers the amino acids to be incorporated into the protein.