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A&P II > Lecture 1 pt 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

MAP Equation

A

DBP + 1/3 (SBP- DBP)

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2
Q

Normal RAP

A

0 mmHg

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3
Q

Where is the “end” of systemic circulation?

A

RA

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4
Q

Where is the “end” of pulmonary circulation?

A

LA

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5
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

Difference between SBP and DBP

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6
Q

Where is PP highest in a normal CV system?

A

LV

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7
Q

What vessels have the highest PP and why?

A

Large arteries, their compliance is low

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8
Q

What is compliance and formula?

A

Descriptor for how easily something accommodates a change in volume. Change in volume/ change in pressure

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9
Q

Why do veins have no pulse pressure?

A

high compliance, little resistance

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10
Q

What can increase/ widen PP?

A

Stiffening of vessel, higher stroke volumes, aortic insufficiency

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11
Q

Formula for velocity

A

V= F/A

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12
Q

Normal stroke volume

A

70mL/ beat

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13
Q

What kind of cells make up the capillaries and are continuous through the entire CV system including the heart chambers?

A

Endothelial Cells

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14
Q

Where is the isogravimetric point?

A

Even with the middle of the tricuspid valve

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15
Q

How much distance from a pressure source (and in what direction) causes a change in pressure of 1 mmHg?

A

13.6mm or 1.36cm or .0136m

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16
Q

What is distensibility?

A

Descriptor for how well something accommodates a volume while taking into consideration the volume of the original container

17
Q

Which system does a fluid bolus raise the pressure to a higher degree? (Arterial or Venous)

A

Arterial

18
Q

If the diameter of a vessel is halved, how does that affect flow?

A

Decreases by 16x or to the 4th power

19
Q

Apply Om’s Law to the CV system? (formula)

A

V= IR –> BP= FxR

20
Q

Normal LAP

A

2 mmHg

21
Q

What is free water clearance?

A

volume of water removed from the body per unit time

22
Q

Normal PAP

A

16 mmHg

23
Q

How does ADH affect free water clearance?

A

More ADH will lower your free water clearance, less ADH will increase it (inverse relationship)

24
Q

Delta P of pulmonary circulation

A

PAP- LAP
16-2= 14 mmHg

25
Q

Delta P of systemic circulation

A

MAP- RAP
100-0=100 mmHg

26
Q

What is the relationship between velocity and cross sectional area of blood vessels?

A

Higher velocity in lower total cross sectional areas (inversely related)

27
Q

What structural elements give arterioles their high resistance?

A

Narrow opening with thick wall of smooth muscle cells

28
Q

What can cause narrow or no pulse pressure?

A

Increased stretchiness of vessel, low stroke volume

29
Q

How much pressure does gravity add to the vessels at the level of the umbilicus?

A

22 mmHg

30
Q

How much pressure does gravity add to the vessels at the level of the thigh?

A

40 mmHg

31
Q

How much pressure does gravity add to the vessels at the level of the foot?

A

90 mmHg

32
Q

Why do the veins above the isogravimetric point have a pressure of 0 mmHg? Why are pressures in the (cranial) sinuses negative?

A

If the pressure was negative the veins would collapse on themselves. Sinuses are negative because they are stiff and made up of meninges, so they have the support to prevent collapse w/ negative pressures.

33
Q

What results when the 1 way valves in the veins wear out?

A

Varicose veins/ pooling of blood in veins

34
Q

What is needed for the 1- way valves to operate?

A

Skeletal muscle contraction

A&P II (4 decks)

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