Lecture 1 Outline

Question 1

How do you define health?

Answer 1

• WHO: state of physical, mental, and social well being and not merely absence of disease
• continuum of responses
• wellness (optimum level of function) illness
• wellness considered a disease free state/ability to function normally
• health reflects several areas: biologic (structural/physical), psychological (mental/personality), spiritual, sociologic (individual and environment)

Question 2

Illness

Answer 2

-sickness or deviation from a healthy state

Question 3

Disease

Answer 3

• biologic or psychologic alteration resulting in a malfunction (signs, symptoms, clinical malfunctions)
• can occur without awareness of illness
• conversely a person can feel ill without any obvious pathology identified (stress)

Question 4

Incidence and Prevalence

Answer 4

• incidence is number of new cases in a specific period of time in relation to total number of people in the population who are at risk
• measure of risk of developing a disease
• useful for measuring impact of acute diseases
• includes a time period in which cases accrue (usually a year)
• prevalence measures all cases (new and old) of a condition among those at risk, useful for measuring impact of chronic diseases

Question 5

Acute Illness

Answer 5

• rapid onset, short duration
• responds to specific treatment
• self-limiting
• full recovery and return to PLOF
• specific stages: physical symptoms, cognitive awareness, emotional response (denial, fear, anxiety), assumption of sick role (act the part), dependency (act dependent on someone; try not to make patient dependent on you-want them to fix independently), recovery and rehab (give up sick role and resume normal ADLS

Question 6

Chronic Illness

Answer 6

• permanent impairment or disability (at least 3 months)
• residual physical or cognitive disability
• need for special reha or LTC
• can have acute exacerbation of chronic condition

Question 7

What is disability?

Answer 7

• definitions vary
• any difficulty with ADLs or limitations w/ certain health conditions
• receiving federal benefits on basis of inability to work
• any limitation in the ability to work at a job or business
• over half of working age individuals with disability are employed, nearly 20% of US pop lives with disability
• prevalence is higher among women and those 65+
• PTs use biopsychosocial model: integrates traditional medical model with social model

Question 8

Top Causes of Death in 1900

Answer 8

• pneumonia, influenza
• tuberculosis
• heart disease
• diarrhea, enteritis (dehydration)
• stroke

Question 9

Top Causes of Death in 2000

Answer 9

• heart disease
• cancer
• stroke
• chronic lower respiratory disease
• pneumonia, influenza
• alzheimers’ disease
• kidney disease
• accidental injury
• we’re living longer so now we’re getting more of the chronic diseases

Question 10

Leading Health Indicators

Answer 10

• Healthy People 2010 and 2020
• pretty much the same, not much has changed, same issues we face
• access to health services
• environmental quality
• injury
• mental health
• nutrition, physical activity, and obesity
• social determinants
• these are some areas that we as PTs can influence