Lecture 1 - Nutrition and Oral Health (Introduction)

Question 1

What is the definition of nutrition?

Answer 1

study of the role of nutrients in growth, development, and repair of our body tissue

Question 2

What is the definition of diet?

Answer 2

daily intake of food with different types of nutrients which affect our health

Question 3

What is the definition of health?

Answer 3

not only the freedom from disease but also freedom from conditions of mental disturbances, emotional distress, and spiritual discontent and social maladjustment, whereas maximum health is well-being or wellness.

Question 4

What is the definition of ORAL HEALTH?

Answer 4

improving quality of life through oral hygiene and healthy eating, which can reduce the risks of oral disease. There is a bidirectional relationship between diet and oral health. A healthy/ balanced diet is associated with good periodontal health and teeth, as well as good quality of saliva

Question 5

Foods supply what kind of nutrients?

Answer 5

Essential nutrients

Question 6

Our body makes what kind of nutrients?

Answer 6

Non-essential nutrients

Question 7

What are the 6 classes of nutrients?

Answer 7

1. carbs
2. fats
3. proteins
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water

Question 8

What are the macronutrients?

Answer 8

Carbohydrates, fats, and protein. Organic nutrients that yield energy (and support metabolic energy)

Question 9

What are micronutrients?

Answer 9

water, vitamins (organic molecules), and minerals (inorganic molecules). They dont yield energy but support metabolic processes.

Question 10

does alcohol yield energy in the body? Is it a nutrient?

Answer 10

Yes. however is not considered a nutrient because it does not support metabolic processes.

Question 11

What unit do we use to measure the amount of energy produced from nutrients?

Answer 11

Kilocalories (Kcal)

Question 12

What is the energy yield from carbs, protein, fats, and alcohol?

Answer 12

fats 9kcal/g, carbs and proteins 4 kcal/g. alcohol 7kcal/g

Question 13

What is another name for nutritional standards?

Answer 13

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)

Question 14

What are the 6 sets of DRI values?

Answer 14

1. Estimated average energy requirement
2. recommended dietary allowance
3. adequate intake
4. estimated energy requirement
5. tolerable upper intake level
6. acceptable micronutrient distribution ranges

Question 15

What is the recommended AMDR (acceptable micronutrient distribution ranges) for the 3 energy yielding nutrients?

Answer 15

45-65% from carbohydrates
20-35% from fat
10-35% from proteins

Question 16

What is nutrient density?

Answer 16

amount of nutrients per kcal

Question 17

What are the 6 characteristics of a nutritious diet?

Answer 17

1. adequacy : eating enough energy, nutrients, and fiber
2. Balance:
3. Kcal control
4. nutrient density
5. moderation
6. variety

Question 18

What age group is canadas food guide intended for?

Answer 18

2 years and older

Question 19

What is a nutrient content claim in food labels?

Answer 19

characterizes the quantity of a nutrient in a food using words (not numbers), such as “low,zero, high”

Question 20

What are health claims in food labels?

Answer 20

describe a relationship between a nutrient/food and a disease or health related condition

Question 21

What are structure and function claims on food labels?

Answer 21

describes how a food/nutrient may affect a structure and/or function of the body.

Question 22

What are the 2 main roles for diet in oral health?

Answer 22

1. food and its nutrients contribute to oral health

2. eating habits

Question 23

How does someone with poor teeth or lack of teeth altogether affect diet? Explain the cycle

Answer 23

Someone with eating impairment will affect food choices, often eating poor foods, which in turn causes malnutrition and leads to problems in teeth or oral soft tissues

Question 24

What is the proportion of the population that have gum disease?

Answer 24

80%

Question 25

What affect does gum disease have on the heart?

Answer 25

people with gum disease are 2x as likely to die from heart attack and 3x as likely to die from a stroke

Question 26

What effect does poor oral hygiene have on respiratory problems?

Answer 26

increases the risk for pneumonia and respiratory infections

Question 27

Is there an association between gum disease and rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 27

YES

Question 28

How does malnourishment in children affect the oral cavity?

Answer 28

abnormal tooth development, delayed tooth eruption, compromised tooth structure, dental caries. also affects salivary flow and composition.

Question 29

What vitamins(organic) and minerals(inorganic) affect tooth development and maintenance?

Answer 29

vitamins A,C,D and minerals calcium, phosphorous, and fluoride

Question 30

Why is malnourishment so critical to avoid during child development? Cant the child just eat healthy later on?

Answer 30

Because there is little change to teeth once they are formed. No because there will be little change to the teeth after they have formed.

Question 31

What macronutrient plays a vital role in tooth mineralization?

Answer 31

Protein

Question 32

How can cancer treatment affect nutrient intake?

Answer 32

Chemo, radiation, and surgery can cause painful stomatitis (inflammation of oral tissues), and xerostomia, and fibrosis of chewing muscles, taste change, and tooth loss. This will most likely impair nutrient intake and damper the bodys ability to fight disease and heal.

Question 33

What are 3 eating disorders?

Answer 33

1. anorexia nervosa
2. bulimia nervosa
3. binge eating

Question 34

What are 3 oral signs of eating disorders?

Answer 34

1. erosive teeth wear
2. low unstimulated salivary flow
3. moderate - severe dental caries

Question 35

How can diabetes affect oral health?

Answer 35

diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease with oral health implications.

Can lead to dental caries, peri disease, decreased salivary flow/dry mouth, and risk of tooth loss (perio related)