Lecture 1 - Nutrition and Oral Health (Introduction) Flashcards
What is the definition of nutrition?
study of the role of nutrients in growth, development, and repair of our body tissue
What is the definition of diet?
daily intake of food with different types of nutrients which affect our health
What is the definition of health?
not only the freedom from disease but also freedom from conditions of mental disturbances, emotional distress, and spiritual discontent and social maladjustment, whereas maximum health is well-being or wellness.
What is the definition of ORAL HEALTH?
improving quality of life through oral hygiene and healthy eating, which can reduce the risks of oral disease. There is a bidirectional relationship between diet and oral health. A healthy/ balanced diet is associated with good periodontal health and teeth, as well as good quality of saliva
Foods supply what kind of nutrients?
Essential nutrients
Our body makes what kind of nutrients?
Non-essential nutrients
What are the 6 classes of nutrients?
- carbs
- fats
- proteins
- vitamins
- minerals
- water
What are the macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, fats, and protein. Organic nutrients that yield energy (and support metabolic energy)
What are micronutrients?
water, vitamins (organic molecules), and minerals (inorganic molecules). They dont yield energy but support metabolic processes.
does alcohol yield energy in the body? Is it a nutrient?
Yes. however is not considered a nutrient because it does not support metabolic processes.
What unit do we use to measure the amount of energy produced from nutrients?
Kilocalories (Kcal)
What is the energy yield from carbs, protein, fats, and alcohol?
fats 9kcal/g, carbs and proteins 4 kcal/g. alcohol 7kcal/g
What is another name for nutritional standards?
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
What are the 6 sets of DRI values?
- Estimated average energy requirement
- recommended dietary allowance
- adequate intake
- estimated energy requirement
- tolerable upper intake level
- acceptable micronutrient distribution ranges
What is the recommended AMDR (acceptable micronutrient distribution ranges) for the 3 energy yielding nutrients?
45-65% from carbohydrates
20-35% from fat
10-35% from proteins
What is nutrient density?
amount of nutrients per kcal
What are the 6 characteristics of a nutritious diet?
- adequacy : eating enough energy, nutrients, and fiber
- Balance:
- Kcal control
- nutrient density
- moderation
- variety
What age group is canadas food guide intended for?
2 years and older
What is a nutrient content claim in food labels?
characterizes the quantity of a nutrient in a food using words (not numbers), such as “low,zero, high”
What are health claims in food labels?
describe a relationship between a nutrient/food and a disease or health related condition
What are structure and function claims on food labels?
describes how a food/nutrient may affect a structure and/or function of the body.
What are the 2 main roles for diet in oral health?
- food and its nutrients contribute to oral health
2. eating habits
How does someone with poor teeth or lack of teeth altogether affect diet? Explain the cycle
Someone with eating impairment will affect food choices, often eating poor foods, which in turn causes malnutrition and leads to problems in teeth or oral soft tissues
What is the proportion of the population that have gum disease?
80%
What affect does gum disease have on the heart?
people with gum disease are 2x as likely to die from heart attack and 3x as likely to die from a stroke
What effect does poor oral hygiene have on respiratory problems?
increases the risk for pneumonia and respiratory infections
Is there an association between gum disease and rheumatoid arthritis?
YES
How does malnourishment in children affect the oral cavity?
abnormal tooth development, delayed tooth eruption, compromised tooth structure, dental caries. also affects salivary flow and composition.
What vitamins(organic) and minerals(inorganic) affect tooth development and maintenance?
vitamins A,C,D and minerals calcium, phosphorous, and fluoride
Why is malnourishment so critical to avoid during child development? Cant the child just eat healthy later on?
Because there is little change to teeth once they are formed. No because there will be little change to the teeth after they have formed.
What macronutrient plays a vital role in tooth mineralization?
Protein
How can cancer treatment affect nutrient intake?
Chemo, radiation, and surgery can cause painful stomatitis (inflammation of oral tissues), and xerostomia, and fibrosis of chewing muscles, taste change, and tooth loss. This will most likely impair nutrient intake and damper the bodys ability to fight disease and heal.
What are 3 eating disorders?
- anorexia nervosa
- bulimia nervosa
- binge eating
What are 3 oral signs of eating disorders?
- erosive teeth wear
- low unstimulated salivary flow
- moderate - severe dental caries
How can diabetes affect oral health?
diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease with oral health implications.
Can lead to dental caries, peri disease, decreased salivary flow/dry mouth, and risk of tooth loss (perio related)
