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Nutrition 2nd year > Final Exam EP Questions - Nut > Flashcards

Final Exam EP Questions - Nut Flashcards

1
Q

What mineral is essential in formation of collagen and RBC’s, and is a component of many enzymes involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters?

A

Copper

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2
Q

In gingival tissues, would healing is significantly aided by?

A

Ascorbic acid and Zinc

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3
Q

Energy needs decline in older adults because of a reduction in: ?

A

Basal Metabolic Rate

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4
Q

Phospholipids in the body can? (2 points)

A

act as emulsifiers and signaling molecules

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5
Q

Vitamin C supplements increase intestinal absorption of?

A

Iron and copper

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6
Q

Patient has pale oral mucosa, angular cheilitis, and glossitis? (feeding difficulties, respiratory problems as well, and dermatitis) - Patient is lacking what?

A

Riboflavin

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7
Q

Patient has severe cirrhosis of the liver. You notice a large periodontal ligament space and loss of alveolar bone mass. What are they deficient in?

A

Calciferol

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8
Q

Sarcopenia is characterized by?

A

Progressive loss of muscle mass and strength with aging

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9
Q

In the tongue, Vitamin C, iron, and zinc are required for?

A

maintaining the oral epithelial barrier

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10
Q

Which of the following statements about the canadian dietary guidelines if false?

A)Offer food-based strategies for achieving the DRI set of nutrient intake goals
B) Offer strategies for people’s energy intakes to match their requirements
C) Elimination of any food group that follows these guidelines will reduce the number or amounts of nutrients consumed
D) Eating foods that follow these guidelines will provide all the nutrients needed for growth and health
E) Does not limit the amounts of any particular nutrient or food source in diets

A

C - Elimination of any food group that follows these guidelines will reduce the number or amounts of nutrients consumed

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11
Q

What two minerals play an important role in the formation of enamel?

A
  1. Manganese

2. Fluoride

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12
Q

Which mineral is readily incorporated into enamel, which functions as a catalyst in the formation of collagen from a precollagenous stage?

A

Copper

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13
Q

The best way to prevent life stage/cycle-related enamel and alveolar bone loss is to?

A

Maintain a daily adequate intake of calcium and eat a balanced diet

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14
Q

During starvation, which of the following changes do not happen in the periodontium?

A

Inhibition of proteolysis

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15
Q

Food within a given group in the Canadian Food group provide similar amounts of what?

A

Vitamins and Minerals

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16
Q

Patient with progressive muscle weakness and muscle pain during exercise complained of taste loss. Oral exam shows purplish red tongue, which is completely smooth due to atrophy. This patient has a severe deficiency of?

A

Vitamin B9

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17
Q

Which of the following nutrients work closely together as an antioxidant and where a deficiency of either of them conversely affects the requirement of the other, which is important for immune function and periodontal tissues?

A

Vitamin E and Selenium

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18
Q

What best describes fat-soluble vitamins?

A

They can be stored in liver and fatty tissues for long periods

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19
Q

Which of the following statements about BMI is false?

BMI values:

A

do not indicate health risks associated with body weights

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20
Q

Which of the following is inconsistent with the canadian dietary guidelines and food plans?

Limit nutrient-dense foods in recommended amounts
Limit a diet with plenty of whole-milk products
Include varieties of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Choose a diet with variety of foods to ensure nutrient adequacy
Limit saturated fats, trans fats, and added sugar

A

Limit nutrient-dense foods in recommended amounts

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21
Q

Non-nutritive sweeteners are usually not considered to:

Have the potential to reduce body weight
Have the potential to reduce sugar intake
Reduce appetite
Have the potential to reduce energy intake
Be synergistic when combined

A

Reduce apetite

22
Q

A 75-year-old man was assessed at a clinic with severe pain upon walking and with bleeding skin lesions in the lower limbs, and bleeding in the lungs. Oral examination revealed that many of his teeth were missing, and a blackened gum. This patient was severely deficient in:

A

calciferol

23
Q

Which of the following is the lowest component of energy expenditure?

Body mass index
Basal metabolism
Physical activity
Food intake (Kcals)

Thermic Energy

A

Thermic energy

24
Q

What are 3 factors that affect the bodys basal metabolic rate?

A
  1. Age
  2. body composition
  3. height
25
Q

You encountered a patient with a severe cirrhosis of the liver. Upon oral assessment, you noticed a large periodontal ligament space and loss of alveolar bone mass. This patient is deficient in:

A

Tocopherol

26
Q

Jack is an alcoholic with little appetite to eat and low iron level. His dental assessment revealed periodontitis, frequent infections, spongy and swollen tongue, and ulcerated gingival tissue. Jack is lacking:

A

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

27
Q

Mary, 23-year-old patient, complaints of difficulty in mastication, and mild pain in her limbs and pelvic area. Her deciduous teeth had erupted normally. Mary is deficient in:

A

Tocopherol

28
Q

Which gland or organ secretes a hormone that regulates fluid balance that is important for the integrity of salivary glands and buccal mucosa?

A

Pituitary Gland

29
Q

The nutrients that are needed in large amounts for rapid proliferation of alveolar bone cells are: (2 pts)

A
  1. Vitamin D

2. Calcium

30
Q

A man, who had difficulty in walking and controlling his balance and movement, was also fatigued most of the time. Upon visiting a dental clinic, he was assessed to have glossitis with a flabby, bright red tongue. He may be deficient in:

A

Vitamin B1

31
Q

John, who drinks and smoke excessively, presents with diarrhea, painful tongue and stomatitis. He complains of being tired, with diminished appetite to eat. John is deficient in:

A

Niacin

32
Q

Marasmus can be distinguished from Kwashiorkor because in marasmus:?

A

Severe wasting of fat and muscle are present

33
Q

Which of the following eating disorders is associated with electrolyte and fluid imbalance, weight fluctuations over short periods, and sometimes heart failure due to potassium depletion?

A

Bulimia nervosa

34
Q

Which combination of these nutrients plays important roles in energy production and glucose metabolism in the oral mucosa and gingiva?

Zinc and iodide
Tocopherol and Calciferol
Niacin and riboflavin
Selenium and manganese
Sodium and potassium
A

Niacin and riboflavin

35
Q

Food choices by dental professionals to maintain oral health are typically not influenced by their:

Emotional State
Age
Occupation
Geographical area
Social interaction
A

Occupation

36
Q

The average daily nutrient intake level, considered to meet the known nutrient needs of practically of all healthy people in a particular life stage and gender group, is commonly referred to as the?

Adequate Intake
Estimated Average Requirement
Average Daily Requirement
Recommended Daily Allowance
Tolerable upper intake level
A

Recommended daily allowance

37
Q

The most common form of complex carbohydrate ingested in food is from?

A

Starch

38
Q

Which of the following statements about minerals is false?

Heat from cooking can destroy trace minerals

Excess sodium in the diet contributes to high blood pressure

Magnesium is critical to the activity of many enzymes

Heat from cooking cannot destroy major minerals

Sodium, chloride, and potassium are mostly noted for their roles in influencing the body’s fluid balance

A

Heat from cooking can destroy trace minerals

39
Q

A patient oral assessment showed enamel hypoplasia with pitting on the surfaces of the maxillary incisors, and generalized keratosis. He complained of difficulty in driving, walking, and doing manual tasks at evening times. He is severely deficient in:

A

Vitamin A

40
Q

Which of the following statements about sugar alcohols/nutritive sweeteners is false?
Question 7 options:

Bacteria in the mouth digest sugar alcohols slowly than sucrose

Sugar alcohols yield less energy than sucrose

Sugar alcohols are not fermented in the large intestine

Sugar alcohols occur naturally in fruits and vegetables

Sugar alcohols are fermented in the large intestine

A

Sugar alcohols are not fermented in the large intestine

41
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Question 10 options:

Where calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D are deficient, hypomineralization occurs.

After the tooth erupts, fluoride is systematically needed in tooth formation

The topical effects of fluoride continue to protect the teeth by increasing the rate of mineralization following erosion by plaque acids

The topical effects of fluoride continue to impart protection against tooth decay by decreasing demineralization

Deficiencies of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous can result in delayed patterns of the dentition

A

After the tooth erupts, fluoride is systematically needed in tooth formation

42
Q

Mary, 23-year-old patient, complaints of difficulty in mastication, and mild pain in her limbs and pelvic area. Her deciduous teeth had erupted normally. Mary is deficient in:

A

Tocopherol

43
Q

A 27-year-old graduate student presents for dental assessment. She is working on her dissertation and spends long hours on the task in the laboratory. The patient’s assessment revealed hypoplastic, yellowish-to-brownish enamel, and loss of alveolar bone mass. She is severely deficient in:

A

calciferol

44
Q

Your patient a 45-year-old woman has a history of glossitis, smooth, shiny red tongue, pallor of the gum, oral mucosa, and lips, atrophy of filiform papillae, and angular cheilitis.
Which nutrient is this patient deficient in?

A

Folate (B9)

45
Q

Your patient a 45-year-old woman has a history of glossitis, smooth, shiny red tongue, pallor of the gum, oral mucosa, and lips, atrophy of filiform papillae, and angular cheilitis.
What can you tell this patientabout this nutrient from plant or animal foods?

A

The best food sources for folate( B9) are beef liver, and leafy green vegetbales (as name suggest foliage = folate).

46
Q

Your patient a 45-year-old woman has a history of glossitis, smooth, shiny red tongue, pallor of the gum, oral mucosa, and lips, atrophy of filiform papillae, and angular cheilitis.
List two functions of the nutrient this patient is deficient in?

A

FOLATE:

  1. functions as a coenzyme. plays a role in cell division by helping synthesize DNA and RNA
  2. functions with vitamin C and B12 to maintain normal levels of mature RBC’s
47
Q

Your patient a 45-year-old woman has a history of glossitis, smooth, shiny red tongue, pallor of the gum, oral mucosa, and lips, atrophy of filiform papillae, and angular cheilitis.

What nutritional advice would I give to this patient to help increase intestinal absorption of their deficient nutrient?

A

Folate needs to undergo changes to be absorbed properly. It is activated by the presence of zinc

48
Q

Your patient a 45-year-old woman has a history of glossitis, smooth, shiny red tongue, pallor of the gum, oral mucosa, and lips, atrophy of filiform papillae, and angular cheilitis.
Give 2 reasons why this patient was prescribed zinc?

A
  1. Zinc is crucial. Because folate is only absorbed after the activation by zinc
  2. Zinc will also help reverse some of the symptoms seen by the deficiency
49
Q

Your patient, a 38-year-old man with good oral hygiene, was diagnosed with salivary gland dysfunction, leading to xerostomia.
List 2 vitamins that the patient is lacking?
What are the specific functions of these vitamins that are important for the function or development of the salivary glands?

A
  1. -Vitamin A
    - Vitamin D
  2. Vitamin A helps promote the maintenace of epithelial cells thus aiding proper function of salivary glands
    Vitamin D helps prevent the burning mouth sensation and dry mouth
50
Q

List three effects of xerostomia on the food the patient eats

A
  1. Changes taste perception
  2. trouble chewing
  3. trouble swallowing
51
Q

List two clinical symptoms of xerostomia that affects the patient’s teeth

A
  1. increased probability of tooth demineralization

2. increase in sensitivity

52
Q

List two clinical symptoms of xerostomia in the oral soft tissues of the patient.

A
  1. inflammation or ulcers of tongue and buccal mucosa

2. fissuring of the oral mucosa

Nutrition 2nd year (4 decks)

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