Final Exam EP Questions - Nut

Question 1

What mineral is essential in formation of collagen and RBC’s, and is a component of many enzymes involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters?

Answer 1

Copper

Question 2

In gingival tissues, would healing is significantly aided by?

Answer 2

Ascorbic acid and Zinc

Question 3

Energy needs decline in older adults because of a reduction in: ?

Answer 3

Basal Metabolic Rate

Question 4

Phospholipids in the body can? (2 points)

Answer 4

act as emulsifiers and signaling molecules

Question 5

Vitamin C supplements increase intestinal absorption of?

Answer 5

Iron and copper

Question 6

Patient has pale oral mucosa, angular cheilitis, and glossitis? (feeding difficulties, respiratory problems as well, and dermatitis) - Patient is lacking what?

Answer 6

Riboflavin

Question 7

Patient has severe cirrhosis of the liver. You notice a large periodontal ligament space and loss of alveolar bone mass. What are they deficient in?

Answer 7

Calciferol

Question 8

Sarcopenia is characterized by?

Answer 8

Progressive loss of muscle mass and strength with aging

Question 9

In the tongue, Vitamin C, iron, and zinc are required for?

Answer 9

maintaining the oral epithelial barrier

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the canadian dietary guidelines if false?

A)Offer food-based strategies for achieving the DRI set of nutrient intake goals
B) Offer strategies for people’s energy intakes to match their requirements
C) Elimination of any food group that follows these guidelines will reduce the number or amounts of nutrients consumed
D) Eating foods that follow these guidelines will provide all the nutrients needed for growth and health
E) Does not limit the amounts of any particular nutrient or food source in diets

Answer 10

C - Elimination of any food group that follows these guidelines will reduce the number or amounts of nutrients consumed

Question 11

What two minerals play an important role in the formation of enamel?

Answer 11

1. Manganese

2. Fluoride

Question 12

Which mineral is readily incorporated into enamel, which functions as a catalyst in the formation of collagen from a precollagenous stage?

Answer 12

Copper

Question 13

The best way to prevent life stage/cycle-related enamel and alveolar bone loss is to?

Answer 13

Maintain a daily adequate intake of calcium and eat a balanced diet

Question 14

During starvation, which of the following changes do not happen in the periodontium?

Answer 14

Inhibition of proteolysis

Question 15

Food within a given group in the Canadian Food group provide similar amounts of what?

Answer 15

Vitamins and Minerals

Question 16

Patient with progressive muscle weakness and muscle pain during exercise complained of taste loss. Oral exam shows purplish red tongue, which is completely smooth due to atrophy. This patient has a severe deficiency of?

Answer 16

Vitamin B9

Question 17

Which of the following nutrients work closely together as an antioxidant and where a deficiency of either of them conversely affects the requirement of the other, which is important for immune function and periodontal tissues?

Answer 17

Vitamin E and Selenium

Question 18

What best describes fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 18

They can be stored in liver and fatty tissues for long periods

Question 19

Which of the following statements about BMI is false?

BMI values:

Answer 19

do not indicate health risks associated with body weights

Question 20

Which of the following is inconsistent with the canadian dietary guidelines and food plans?

Limit nutrient-dense foods in recommended amounts
Limit a diet with plenty of whole-milk products
Include varieties of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Choose a diet with variety of foods to ensure nutrient adequacy
Limit saturated fats, trans fats, and added sugar

Answer 20

Limit nutrient-dense foods in recommended amounts

Question 21

Non-nutritive sweeteners are usually not considered to:

Have the potential to reduce body weight
Have the potential to reduce sugar intake
Reduce appetite
Have the potential to reduce energy intake
Be synergistic when combined

Answer 21

Reduce apetite

Question 22

A 75-year-old man was assessed at a clinic with severe pain upon walking and with bleeding skin lesions in the lower limbs, and bleeding in the lungs. Oral examination revealed that many of his teeth were missing, and a blackened gum. This patient was severely deficient in:

Answer 22

calciferol

Question 23

Which of the following is the lowest component of energy expenditure?

Body mass index
Basal metabolism
Physical activity
Food intake (Kcals)

Thermic Energy

Answer 23

Thermic energy

Question 24

What are 3 factors that affect the bodys basal metabolic rate?

Answer 24

1. Age
2. body composition
3. height

Question 25

You encountered a patient with a severe cirrhosis of the liver. Upon oral assessment, you noticed a large periodontal ligament space and loss of alveolar bone mass. This patient is deficient in:

Answer 25

Tocopherol

Question 26

Jack is an alcoholic with little appetite to eat and low iron level. His dental assessment revealed periodontitis, frequent infections, spongy and swollen tongue, and ulcerated gingival tissue. Jack is lacking:

Answer 26

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

Question 27

Mary, 23-year-old patient, complaints of difficulty in mastication, and mild pain in her limbs and pelvic area. Her deciduous teeth had erupted normally. Mary is deficient in:

Answer 27

Tocopherol

Question 28

Which gland or organ secretes a hormone that regulates fluid balance that is important for the integrity of salivary glands and buccal mucosa?

Answer 28

Pituitary Gland

Question 29

The nutrients that are needed in large amounts for rapid proliferation of alveolar bone cells are: (2 pts)

Answer 29

1. Vitamin D

2. Calcium

Question 30

A man, who had difficulty in walking and controlling his balance and movement, was also fatigued most of the time. Upon visiting a dental clinic, he was assessed to have glossitis with a flabby, bright red tongue. He may be deficient in:

Answer 30

Vitamin B1

Question 31

John, who drinks and smoke excessively, presents with diarrhea, painful tongue and stomatitis. He complains of being tired, with diminished appetite to eat. John is deficient in:

Answer 31

Niacin

Question 32

Marasmus can be distinguished from Kwashiorkor because in marasmus:?

Answer 32

Severe wasting of fat and muscle are present

Question 33

Which of the following eating disorders is associated with electrolyte and fluid imbalance, weight fluctuations over short periods, and sometimes heart failure due to potassium depletion?

Answer 33

Bulimia nervosa

Question 34

Which combination of these nutrients plays important roles in energy production and glucose metabolism in the oral mucosa and gingiva?

Zinc and iodide
Tocopherol and Calciferol
Niacin and riboflavin
Selenium and manganese
Sodium and potassium

Answer 34

Niacin and riboflavin

Question 35

Food choices by dental professionals to maintain oral health are typically not influenced by their:

Emotional State
Age
Occupation
Geographical area
Social interaction

Answer 35

Occupation

Question 36

The average daily nutrient intake level, considered to meet the known nutrient needs of practically of all healthy people in a particular life stage and gender group, is commonly referred to as the?

Adequate Intake
Estimated Average Requirement
Average Daily Requirement
Recommended Daily Allowance
Tolerable upper intake level

Answer 36

Recommended daily allowance

Question 37

The most common form of complex carbohydrate ingested in food is from?

Answer 37

Starch

Question 38

Which of the following statements about minerals is false?

Heat from cooking can destroy trace minerals

Excess sodium in the diet contributes to high blood pressure

Magnesium is critical to the activity of many enzymes

Heat from cooking cannot destroy major minerals

Sodium, chloride, and potassium are mostly noted for their roles in influencing the body’s fluid balance

Answer 38

Heat from cooking can destroy trace minerals

Question 39

A patient oral assessment showed enamel hypoplasia with pitting on the surfaces of the maxillary incisors, and generalized keratosis. He complained of difficulty in driving, walking, and doing manual tasks at evening times. He is severely deficient in:

Answer 39

Vitamin A

Question 40

Which of the following statements about sugar alcohols/nutritive sweeteners is false?
Question 7 options:

Bacteria in the mouth digest sugar alcohols slowly than sucrose

Sugar alcohols yield less energy than sucrose

Sugar alcohols are not fermented in the large intestine

Sugar alcohols occur naturally in fruits and vegetables

Sugar alcohols are fermented in the large intestine

Answer 40

Sugar alcohols are not fermented in the large intestine

Question 41

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Question 10 options:

Where calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D are deficient, hypomineralization occurs.

After the tooth erupts, fluoride is systematically needed in tooth formation

The topical effects of fluoride continue to protect the teeth by increasing the rate of mineralization following erosion by plaque acids

The topical effects of fluoride continue to impart protection against tooth decay by decreasing demineralization

Deficiencies of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous can result in delayed patterns of the dentition

Answer 41

After the tooth erupts, fluoride is systematically needed in tooth formation

Question 42

Mary, 23-year-old patient, complaints of difficulty in mastication, and mild pain in her limbs and pelvic area. Her deciduous teeth had erupted normally. Mary is deficient in:

Answer 42

Tocopherol

Question 43

A 27-year-old graduate student presents for dental assessment. She is working on her dissertation and spends long hours on the task in the laboratory. The patient’s assessment revealed hypoplastic, yellowish-to-brownish enamel, and loss of alveolar bone mass. She is severely deficient in:

Answer 43

calciferol

Question 44

Your patient a 45-year-old woman has a history of glossitis, smooth, shiny red tongue, pallor of the gum, oral mucosa, and lips, atrophy of filiform papillae, and angular cheilitis.
Which nutrient is this patient deficient in?

Answer 44

Folate (B9)

Question 45

Your patient a 45-year-old woman has a history of glossitis, smooth, shiny red tongue, pallor of the gum, oral mucosa, and lips, atrophy of filiform papillae, and angular cheilitis.
What can you tell this patientabout this nutrient from plant or animal foods?

Answer 45

The best food sources for folate( B9) are beef liver, and leafy green vegetbales (as name suggest foliage = folate).

Question 46

Your patient a 45-year-old woman has a history of glossitis, smooth, shiny red tongue, pallor of the gum, oral mucosa, and lips, atrophy of filiform papillae, and angular cheilitis.
List two functions of the nutrient this patient is deficient in?

Answer 46

FOLATE:

1. functions as a coenzyme. plays a role in cell division by helping synthesize DNA and RNA
2. functions with vitamin C and B12 to maintain normal levels of mature RBC’s

Question 47

Your patient a 45-year-old woman has a history of glossitis, smooth, shiny red tongue, pallor of the gum, oral mucosa, and lips, atrophy of filiform papillae, and angular cheilitis.

What nutritional advice would I give to this patient to help increase intestinal absorption of their deficient nutrient?

Answer 47

Folate needs to undergo changes to be absorbed properly. It is activated by the presence of zinc

Question 48

Your patient a 45-year-old woman has a history of glossitis, smooth, shiny red tongue, pallor of the gum, oral mucosa, and lips, atrophy of filiform papillae, and angular cheilitis.
Give 2 reasons why this patient was prescribed zinc?

Answer 48

1. Zinc is crucial. Because folate is only absorbed after the activation by zinc
2. Zinc will also help reverse some of the symptoms seen by the deficiency

Question 49

Your patient, a 38-year-old man with good oral hygiene, was diagnosed with salivary gland dysfunction, leading to xerostomia.
List 2 vitamins that the patient is lacking?
What are the specific functions of these vitamins that are important for the function or development of the salivary glands?

Answer 49

1. -Vitamin A
   - Vitamin D
2. Vitamin A helps promote the maintenace of epithelial cells thus aiding proper function of salivary glands
   Vitamin D helps prevent the burning mouth sensation and dry mouth

Question 50

List three effects of xerostomia on the food the patient eats

Answer 50

1. Changes taste perception
2. trouble chewing
3. trouble swallowing

Question 51

List two clinical symptoms of xerostomia that affects the patient’s teeth

Answer 51

1. increased probability of tooth demineralization

2. increase in sensitivity

Question 52

List two clinical symptoms of xerostomia in the oral soft tissues of the patient.

Answer 52

1. inflammation or ulcers of tongue and buccal mucosa

2. fissuring of the oral mucosa