Lecture 1 - Nomenclature Flashcards
Macule
Discrete, flat area distinguished by color from surrounding tissue
Plaque
Broad, flat, raised lesion
Papule
Small, circumscribed, elevated lesion < 0.5cm in diameter
Nodule
Large, circumscribe, elevated lesion, > 0.5cm in diameter
Vesicle
Small, elevated, fluid-filled, < 0.5cm in diameter
Bulla
Large, elevated, fluid-filled (usually serous), > 0.5cm in diameter
Hematoma
circumscribed, blood-filled lesion
Pustule
Circumscribed, pus-filled lesion
Ulcer
overlying epithelium has been lost, often covered by fibrin membrane, yellow color
Sessile
Broad, flat base wider than top, like a brimmed hat
Pedunculated
stem or stalk-like base
Erythema
Abnormal redness of skin or mucosa
Pallor
Abnormal paleness of skin or mucosa
Papillary
Lesion showing small surface projections
Verrucous
Lesion with roughened surface, broader surface projections than papillary
Fissure
Deep cleft or groove
Coalesce
Fusion of parts to make a whole
Radiolucent
Black or dark areas on a radiograph
Radioopaque
Light or white areas on a radiograph
Unilocular
One well defined compartment
Multilocular
Soap bubble appearance, multiple compartments
Well-circumscribed
Margins are clearly defined
Poorly circumscribed
Margins are ill defined
Corticated
Lesion with a well-defined radio opaque border
Tumor Grading
Dysplasia - deranged development Well differentiated Moderately differentiated Poorly differentiated Undifferentiated (anaplastic)
Tumor
New growth
Neoplasm
Monoclonal cellular proliferation
Benign
localized growth, encapsulated, may be locally aggressive, incapable of metastasis
Malignant
Lesions which may invade and destroy surrounding tissues, capable of spread to distant sites
Naming benign tumors
Add “-oma”
- oma = surface origin
- adenoma = glandular origin
Naming malignant tumors
Add “-carcinoma” to epithelial tumors
Add “-sarcoma” to mesenchymal tumors
-carcinoma = surface origin
-adenocarcinoma = glandular origin
