Lecture 1 - Motivation

Question 1

What challenges can there be in regards of motivation? (2)

Answer 1

1. In the attainment of goals
2. In social interactions

Question 2

What overarching types of motivation are there? (3)

Answer 2

1. Amotivation
2. Extrinsic motivation
3. Intrinsic motivation

Question 3

What subtypes of extrinsic motivation are there? (4)

Answer 3

1. External regulation
2. Introjected regulation
3. Identified regulation
4. Integrated regulation

Question 4

What does external regulation entail?

Answer 4

Motivation comes from punishment or reward (will I earn something from it, will I get punished if i dont do it)

Question 5

What does introjected regulation entail?

Answer 5

contingent on self-worth and ego-involvement (will it boost my self-esteem or worthyness)

Question 6

What does identified regulation entail?

Answer 6

contingent with a goal or value, taken die misschien niet leuk zijn wel doen omdat het past bij een doel of waarde die iemand heeft

Question 7

What does integrated regulation entail?

Answer 7

Contingent on instrumental importance for ones identity, taken die niet leuk zijn maar passen bij wie jij bent

Question 8

Wat is er nodig voor intrinsic motivation? (3)

Answer 8

1. autonomy (i feel free to do this)
2. competence (i feel like i can do this)
3. relatedness (i feel connected to others by doing this)

Question 9

What are the two defining features of social dilemmas?

Answer 9

1. For each individual it is more beneficial to further their self-interest than to further the collective interest
2. All individuals are worse off if no one furthers the collective interest

Question 10

Binnen de given matrix: wat houdt een greed motive in?

Answer 10

Iemand doet niks en wil toch profiteren, zal kiezen voor zichzelf en hopen dat partner samenwerkt (free-riding, social loafing)

Question 11

Wat is het verschil tussen de given matrix en de effective matrix?

Answer 11

De effective matrix voorspelt daadwerkelijk gedrag beter dan de given matrix, omdat het rekening houdt met verschillende motivaties.

Question 12

Wat houdt antagonism in?

Answer 12

Oppositional behavior towards others –> dont want the collective to do well

Question 13

Wat is het verschil tussen een despotic species en egalitarian species?

Answer 13

Despotic: 1 dominante leider met submissive volgers
Egalitarian: informal, consensual and situational leadership (degene die het beste is in een taak, neemt over die taak de leiding)

Question 14

Wat houdt responsibility aversion in?

Answer 14

Reduced willingness to make decisions when the collective welfare is at stake

Question 15

Wat bleek uit de gamble game?

Answer 15

Mensen die responsibility averse waren kozen er vaker voor om de groep te laten besluiten in de group trial

Question 16

Wat is een effect van het dragen van responsibility?

Answer 16

Responsibility increases the deman for certainty about what decisions constiture the best outcomes