Lecture 1 - Levesl of Organisation Flashcards
Definition of anatomy and physiology
Anatomy is the study of internal and external body structures and their physical relationships among other body parts. Physiology is the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions.
What are the 6 levels of organisation?
Atom and Molecule level Cellular level Tissue level Organ level Organ system level Organism level
What happens in the first level of organisation?
Atoms combine to create molecules, and these are used for a variety of purposes, e.g. protein compounds, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and high energy compounds.
What happens in the second level of organisation?
Cells contain a membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria (which produce energy) and a nucleus. Cells are the smallest living organism and can differentiate, there’s many different types of cells e/g. stem cells, blood cells and bone cells.
What happens in the third level of organisation?
There’s four types of tissues: Connective tissues, Muscle, Neural and Epithelia. A tissue is a group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions.
What happens in the fourth level of organisation?
Organs are made of two or more tissues working together to perform specific functions. Examples of Organs include Heart, Femur and the Biceps brachii muscle.
What happens in the fifth level of organisation?
An organ system is a group of organs working together to perform a function. There are 11 organ systems.
What happens in the sixth level of organisation?
An individual life form is an organism.
What are the 4 types of tissue?
Connective tissue = Fill internal spaces, provide structural support and store energy.
Muscle tissue = Contracts to provide active movement.
Neural tissue = Conducts electrical impulses and carries information.
Epithelia tissue = Cover exposed surfaces, line internal passageways and chambers and produce glandular secretion.
What are 11 organ systems?
Respiratory, Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Digestive, Urinary and Reproductive
What are the components and functions of the Integumentary system?
Components are hair, skin nails Function = protection (stopping infection), helps regulate body temp and provides sensory information.
What are the components and functions of the Skeletal system?
Components are bones, cartilage, bone marrow and ligaments. Function = provides support and protection to tissues, creates blood cells and stores minerals.
What are the components and functions of the Muscular system?
Components are muscles and tendons (they join muscles to bones). Function = Movement, provides protection for tissue and generates heat which helps regulate body temp.
What are the components and functions of the Nervous system?
Components are the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves Function = Provides and interprets sensory info about external conditions and directs a response to a stimulus.
What are the components and functions of the Endocrine system?
Components are the Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Pancreas Function = Co=ordinates activity throughout the body e.g. adjusts metabolism and energy, manages structural and functional changes throughout development
