Lecture 1 - Introduction To Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What does PAS stain and what colour?

A

PAS stains glycogen magenta

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2
Q

What does Oil Red O stain and what colour?

A

Oil Red O stains Lipids bright red/nuclei blue

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3
Q

What does silver (Ag) stain and what colour?

A

Silver (Ag) stains nerves black

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4
Q

What does H&E stain and what colour?

A

Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains
• H: Nucleic acids blue
• E: stains elastic AND collagen pink

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5
Q

What does Van Giesen stain and what colour?

A

Van Giesen differentiates between elastin and other
connective tissues

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6
Q

What does Elastic Van Giesen stain in an artery and what colour?

A

Elastic Van Giesen - Artery: stains elastin black
and other connective tissue pink

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7
Q

What does Masson’s Trichrome stain and what colour?

A

Masson’s Trichrome –stains muscle, red blood
cells and keratin red, collagen blue, nuclei black

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8
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelia?

A

Simple cuboidal: protection from abrasion,
foreign material, invading material.
-Also protect from excessive water loss
due to semi-permeability

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9
Q

What is the function of pseudostratified columnar, ciliated epithelia in the respiratory tract?

A

Cilia clear secreted mucus that traps foreign material

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10
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelia?

A

Simple columnar: Ion transport of electrolytes

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11
Q

What is the structure and function of skeletal muscle?

A

Skeletal
• coordinated (striations)
• force generation (shape)

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12
Q

What is the structure and function of caridac muscle?

A

Cardiac
Intercalated discs for coordination of contraction

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13
Q

What is the structure and function of caridac muscle?

A

Spindle shaped (shaped like cigar) might wrap around arteries or blood vessels to help regulate diameter of vessels

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14
Q

What is the structure and function of adipose tissue?

A

Adipose
– Loose
– “designed” to hold lipids

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15
Q

What is the structure and function of bone tissue?

A

Bone
– Highly organised
– Strong and rigid for strength

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16
Q

What is the structure and function of tendon tissue?

A

Tendon
– Elongated fibres to transmit force
– Flattened cells to withstand pressure

17
Q

What are the key features of erythrocytes in a Giemsa stain?

A

Pink-red biconcave disc, anucleate

18
Q

What are the key features of monocytes in a Giemsa stain?

A

Large, mononuclear with kidney-shaped nucleus

19
Q

What are the key features of lymphocytes in a Giemsa stain?

A

Mononuclear, variable size and shape

20
Q

What are the key features of neutrophils in a Giemsa stain?

A

Segmented nucleus with 2-5 lobes, small purple-pink granules

21
Q

What are the key features of eosinophils in a Giemsa stain?

A

l 2-3 lobes, large orange-red granules

22
Q

What are the key features of basophils in a Giemsa stain?

A

2 lobes, large dark blue-purple granules obscure nucleus

23
Q

What are the key features of platelets in a Giemsa stain?

A

Small pale purple-blue cytoplasmic fragments with small purple granules

24
Q

What is the function of erythrocytes (RBCs)?

A

Transports O2 and CO2 (via Hb)

25
What is the function of monocytes?
Phagocytosis (after transforming into macrophage)
26
What is the function of lymphocytes?
Mediate immune response (B &T cells and NK cells)
27
What is the function of neutrophils?
Phagocytosis
28
What is the function of eosinophils?
Allergic reactions, defence against parasites
29
What is the function of basophils?
Bind to IgE, release histamine to intensify inflammatory response
30
What is the function of platelets?
Blood clotting