Lecture 1 - Introduction To Pathology Flashcards
What does PAS stain and what colour?
PAS stains glycogen magenta
What does Oil Red O stain and what colour?
Oil Red O stains Lipids bright red/nuclei blue
What does silver (Ag) stain and what colour?
Silver (Ag) stains nerves black
What does H&E stain and what colour?
Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains
• H: Nucleic acids blue
• E: stains elastic AND collagen pink
What does Van Giesen stain and what colour?
Van Giesen differentiates between elastin and other
connective tissues
What does Elastic Van Giesen stain in an artery and what colour?
Elastic Van Giesen - Artery: stains elastin black
and other connective tissue pink
What does Masson’s Trichrome stain and what colour?
Masson’s Trichrome –stains muscle, red blood
cells and keratin red, collagen blue, nuclei black
What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelia?
Simple cuboidal: protection from abrasion,
foreign material, invading material.
-Also protect from excessive water loss
due to semi-permeability
What is the function of pseudostratified columnar, ciliated epithelia in the respiratory tract?
Cilia clear secreted mucus that traps foreign material
What is the function of simple columnar epithelia?
Simple columnar: Ion transport of electrolytes
What is the structure and function of skeletal muscle?
Skeletal
• coordinated (striations)
• force generation (shape)
What is the structure and function of caridac muscle?
Cardiac
Intercalated discs for coordination of contraction
What is the structure and function of caridac muscle?
Spindle shaped (shaped like cigar) might wrap around arteries or blood vessels to help regulate diameter of vessels
What is the structure and function of adipose tissue?
Adipose
– Loose
– “designed” to hold lipids
What is the structure and function of bone tissue?
Bone
– Highly organised
– Strong and rigid for strength
What is the structure and function of tendon tissue?
Tendon
– Elongated fibres to transmit force
– Flattened cells to withstand pressure
What are the key features of erythrocytes in a Giemsa stain?
Pink-red biconcave disc, anucleate
What are the key features of monocytes in a Giemsa stain?
Large, mononuclear with kidney-shaped nucleus
What are the key features of lymphocytes in a Giemsa stain?
Mononuclear, variable size and shape
What are the key features of neutrophils in a Giemsa stain?
Segmented nucleus with 2-5 lobes, small purple-pink granules
What are the key features of eosinophils in a Giemsa stain?
l 2-3 lobes, large orange-red granules
What are the key features of basophils in a Giemsa stain?
2 lobes, large dark blue-purple granules obscure nucleus
What are the key features of platelets in a Giemsa stain?
Small pale purple-blue cytoplasmic fragments with small purple granules
What is the function of erythrocytes (RBCs)?
Transports O2 and CO2 (via Hb)
What is the function of monocytes?
Phagocytosis (after transforming into macrophage)
What is the function of lymphocytes?
Mediate immune response (B &T cells and NK cells)
What is the function of neutrophils?
Phagocytosis
What is the function of eosinophils?
Allergic reactions, defence against parasites
What is the function of basophils?
Bind to IgE, release histamine to intensify inflammatory response
What is the function of platelets?
Blood clotting
