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Introduction to Computing > Lecture 1: Introduction to Computer Concepts and History of Computers > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Introduction to Computer Concepts and History of Computers Flashcards

1
Q

an electronic device that takes data, process the data
according to a series of instruction

A

COMPUTER

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2
Q

called program and produces information

A

COMPUTER

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3
Q

an electronic device capable of performing mathematical and
logical operations.

A

COMPUTER

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4
Q

an electronic system designed to manipulate data.

A

COMPUTER

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5
Q

series of instruction that a computer must follow in order to process data into information.

A

PROGRAM

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6
Q

ENUMERATE: Capabilities of Computers

A
  1. It has the ability to perform mathematical and logical
    operation.
  2. It has the ability to store or remember a great amount and
    variety of information and retrieve or recall the information
    needed almost instantly.
  3. It has the ability to handle large volume of repetitive tasks
    accurately over long period of time.
  4. It can communicate with its operators and other machines.
  5. It has the ability to control error and check itself.
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7
Q

ENUMERATE: Limitations of Computers

A
  1. The computer functions only when input and the necessary
    instructions to process the information have been provided
    by a human being.
  2. It can detect but generally cannot correct inaccurate entry
    by itself.
  3. It is subject to occasional breakdown or computer
    malfunction because of power failures, computer failure,
    humidity, temperature and maintenance time.
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8
Q

ENUMERATE: Characteristics of Computers

A
  1. MACHINE
  2. ELECTRONIC
  3. AUTOMATIC
  4. MANIPULATE DATA
  5. MEMORY
  6. LOGIC FUNCTIONS
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9
Q

Computers can be used in:

A
  1. BUSINESS
  2. HOME
  3. ENTERTAINMENT
  4. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
  5. MILITARY
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10
Q

ENUMERATE: Benefits of Computers

A
  1. Storing or memorizing large amount of information.
  2. Quickly recalling a single piece of information.
  3. Rapidly performing a series of sequential tasks.
  4. Carrying out a specific action based on sensor reading or
    other quantifiable information.
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11
Q

ENUMERATE: Types of Computers

A
  1. Mainframes
  2. Personal Computers
    * Desktop Computers
    * Laptop Computers
  3. Tablet PCs
  4. Media Centre
  5. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
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12
Q

considered as the 1st manual data processing device

A

ABACUS

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13
Q

developed in China in __________ and performs arithmetic calculations

A

ABACUS; 12TH CENTURY A.D.

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14
Q

developed by a Scottish mathematician John Napier, obtain products & quotients of large numbers

A

NAPIER’S BONES

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15
Q

NAPIER’S BONES is developed by?

A

SCOTTISH MATHEMATICIAN JOHN NAPIER

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16
Q

arithmetic operations could be done by simply sliding the
rulers

A

OUGHTRED’S SLIDE RULE

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17
Q

OUGHTRED’S SLIDE RULE is invented by ___________ in 17th century

A

WILLIAM OUGHTRED

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18
Q

could add & subtract numbers up to 8 digits

A

PASCAL’S CALCULATOR

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19
Q

PASCAL’S CALCULATOR is developed by a _______ mathematician ____________ in
1645

A

French; BLAISE PASCAL

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20
Q

it utilized the same techniques for addition & subtraction as
Pascal’s device but could also perform multiplication, division
& square root

A

LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR

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21
Q

LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR is invented by _____________ in ____

A

GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ; 1694

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22
Q

developed by Charles Babbage, the Father of Modern Computer. It is not because of the machine he build but rather his ideas became the basis for modern computation devices

A

BABBAGE ANALYTICAL ENGINE

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23
Q

BABBAGE ANALYTICAL ENGINE
designed to use 2 types of cards:

A

VARIABLE CARDS AND OPERATION CARDS

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24
Q

worked with Babbage & considered as the First
Programmer

A

AUGUSTA ADA BYRON

25
Q

considered as the 1st commercially successful data
processing machine.

A

HOLLERITH’S PUNCHED CARD MACHINE

26
Q

Hollerith’s Punched Card Machine is developed by a statistician named __________ in ____

A

HERMAN HOLLERITH; 1880

27
Q

Hollerith made a census machine used by the ___________________ in _____

A

US BUREAU OF CENSUS

27
Q

Founder of Boolean Algebra in ______

A

GEORGE BOOLE

28
Q

Created of _______________ in ________ the General Purpose Programmable Computer

A

ALAN TURING; 1930s

29
Q

John Atanasoff creates ?

A

FIRST ELECTRONIC DIGITAL PURPOSE COMPUTER/ ATANASOFF BERRY COMPUTER

30
Q

Introduced the concept of debugging
or finding errors in 1940

A

GRACE HOPPER

31
Q

the first programmable general-purpose electronic digital computer

A

ENIAC/ ELECTRONICS NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND COMPUTER

32
Q

introduced stored-program architecture

A

EDVAC/ ELECTRONIC DISCRETE VARIABLE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER

33
Q

First operational electronic computer in the UK, inspired by ENIAC

A

EDSAC/ ELECTRONIC DELAY STORAGE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER

34
Q

introduced the computer simulation

A

STANISLAW ULAM

35
Q

introduced the microprocessor chip in 1960s

A

TED HOFF

36
Q

The co-founders of the Microsoft Corporation that starts from 1970s

A

PAUL ALLEN AND WILLIAM HOWARD(BILL GATES)

37
Q

proposed/invented the World Wide Web (www) in 1980s

A

TIM BERNERS-LEE

38
Q

ENUMERATE: Computer Classifications

A
  1. ACCORDING TO AGE AND COMPONENT
  2. ACCORDING TO SIZE
  3. ACCORDING TO OPERATION
  4. ACCORDING TO APPLICATION
  5. ACCORDING TO DESIGN
39
Q

ENUMERATE: According to age and component generations (Generation and Components)

A
  1. First Generation: Vacuum Tubes
  2. Second Generation: Transistors
  3. Third Generation: Integrated Circuits
  4. Forth Generation: MSI/LSI (Medium Scale Integration/Large Scale Integration)
  5. Fifth Generation: AI (Artificial Intelligence)
40
Q
  • slow
  • expensive
  • fragile
  • very large
A

Vacuum Tubes

41
Q
  • much simpler
  • much smaller
  • much cheaper
  • more reliable
  • no warm up
  • much faster
A

Transistors

42
Q
  • miniaturization added to all the existing benefits
  • enabled un-thought of possibilities
A

Integrated Circuits

43
Q
  • making computers behave like humans
  • Games Playing, Expert Systems, Natural Language, Neural Networks, Robotics:
A

Artificial Intelligence

44
Q

ENUMERATE: According to Size

A
  1. Mainframes
  2. Minicomputers
  3. Microcomputers
45
Q

used to describe large computers. It can process large amount of data at very high speed, hold up to millions of characters in its storage and support many input, output, and storage devices.

A

Mainframes

46
Q

relatively smaller and slower computers compared to mainframe.

A

Minicomputers

47
Q

typically fits a desktop. Inside of it is microprocessor, which has control capability for memory and I/O access, and which contains an arithmetic logic unit all on a single, chip less than one quarter of an inch square.

A

Microcomputers

48
Q

ENUMERATE: According to Operation

A
  1. Digital Computers
  2. Analog Computers
  3. Hybrid Computers
49
Q

operates essentially on the basis of distinct (discrete) “on” and “off” states which can be represented by 1’s and 0’s referred to as binary digits

A

Digital Computers

50
Q

operate by measuring continuous physical or electrical magnitudes such as pressure, current, voltage, length or shaft rotations

A

Analog Computers

51
Q

combination of the desirable qualities of the analog and digital computers

A

Hybrid Computers

52
Q

ENUMERATE: According to Applications

A
  1. Scientific Computers
  2. Business Computers
53
Q

computers that can manipulate numbers according to sophisticated formulas and keep track of the results to several decimal places

A

Scientific Computers

54
Q

computers that usually handle large volumes of data for input, perform simple calculations like addition and subtraction and print vast number of reports

A

Business Computers

55
Q

ENUMERATE: According to Design

A
  1. General Purpose Computers
  2. Special Purpose Computers
56
Q

designed to perform a variety of operations by simply changing instructions

A

General Purpose Computers

57
Q

built for specific operation and usually satisfies the needs for a particular type of problem

A

Special Purpose Computers

Introduction to Computing (5 decks)

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