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Cardiology > Lecture 1 - Introduction to cardiovascular anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Introduction to cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic functions of the CVS?

A

Homeostasis
Deliver products for respiration and cellular activity - o2 and nutrients
Remove by-products of cellular activity + CO2 and waste

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2
Q

Describe the arrangement of blood vessels in the CVS

A

Aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillary bed - venules - veins- Superior and inferior vena cava

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3
Q

What are the components of the CVS?

A

Pump - specialised muscle

Closed system of tubes - carry bloody to and from cpa

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4
Q

What are the 2 systems of circulation

A

pulmonary and systemic

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5
Q

What are the 2 functional parts?

A

conducting and exchange

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6
Q

What is the conducting system?

A

Vasculature
arteries take blood away from the heart
veins - take blood to the heart

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7
Q

What is the Exchange system?

A

Capillary beds
Link smallest arterioles to smallest venules
Forms a continuous exchange system between blood and extracellular fluid

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8
Q

What does the RA do?

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the SVC and IVC and pumps it to the RV .

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9
Q

What does the RV do?

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood through Pulmonary trunk to lungs for oxygenation

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10
Q

What do the pulmonary veins do?

A

they bring oxygenated blood from lungs to the left atrium

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11
Q

What does the Left Ventricle do?

A

Receives blood from LA and pumps blood into Aorta for circulation in the body.

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12
Q

What muscle does the wall of the right atrium have?

A

pectinate muscle and a border called crista terminalis which separates smooth from rough

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13
Q

What structure can remain patent?

A

fossa ovalis remnant of foramen ovale

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14
Q

What are the branches of the Aorta?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk - splits into the right subclavian and right common carotid
Left common carotid
left subclavian

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15
Q

What do the carotid arteries supply?

A

the head

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16
Q

what supply the upper limbs

A

the subclavian arteries

17
Q

Describe the branching of the coronary arteries

A

2 - left and right
right coronary artery
Left branches into - left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery and left marginal artery

Right branches off into a right posterior inter-ventricular artery and a right marginal artery

18
Q

What does sudden blockage of coronary arteries lead to?

A

ischaemia - reduced blood supply

19
Q

Outline the different branches of the descending aorta

A
  1. ventral unpaired arteires to GI tract eg coeliac trunk
  2. Paired, arteries to paired internal organs (eg. kidneys/gonads)
  3. Paired, segmental arteries to body wall (eg intercostal arteries)
20
Q

Where does collateral circulation develop?`

A

Between intercostal and internal thoracic arteries

21
Q

Aorta passes through and divides where?

A

T12 and L4

22
Q

Which 2 arteries supply the limbs

A

Upper limb - subclavian

Lower limb - external iliac

23
Q

Clinical important of limb veins:
Superficial veins ?
Deep veins ?

A

Superficial veins - coronary bypass

Deep veins - Deep vein thrombosis

24
Q

What is a varicosed vein?

A

Due to abnormal blood flow, due to a deformed valve, the vein becomes dilated as there is a regurgitation of blood and this causes bulging of the vein and skin.

25
Q

What do deep veins use to aid venous return?` what does it help to maintain?

A

Arterial contraction and valves. Helps to maintain core body temperature

26
Q

What are the tributaries of the SVC?

A

Subclavian vein and internal jugular vein drain into the right brachiocpehalic vein
Left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein drain into the left brachiocephaloc vein which drain in SVC

27
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Lymphatic plexus (capillaries) - lymphatic vessels (alongside arteries) - lymph nodes - thoracic duct - venous system

28
Q

Why is pattern of lymph flow important?

A

Involves in spread of carcinomas

Predict or track back primary tumour

Cardiology (12 decks)

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