Lecture 1 - Introduction Flashcards
The definition of “a nudge”
- A type of behavior change, including any aspect of choice architecture that alters people’s behavior in a predictable way.
- Without forbidding any options or
- Significantly changing their economic incentives.
What are the disadvantages about behavior change methods
- Costly
- Take a long time
- People are aware of change
In what way does nudging differ from traditional behavior change methods
It relies on different systems
- Dual thinking
- System 1 (using heuristic)
- System 2 (and algorithms)
Which effects influence how we perceive the world, based on system 1?
- Cheerleader effect
- Clustering illusion
Which effects influence how we perceive/judge ourselves based on system 1?
- Ikea effect
- Planning fallacy
Cheerleader effect
The tendency to perceive people in a group as more attractive.
Clustering illusion
A cognitive bias that makes us see patterns in random events.
E.g. the ability to quickly notice clusters of dots.
Planning fallacy
The planning fallacy is a bias that leads people to underestimate the time, cost, and risk of future tasks.
Ikea effect
If you build something yourself, you assign more value to is. People think they are better at something when they put effort into it.
G I Joe bias
The G. I. Joe misconception refers to the erroneous belief that simply being aware of a bias is sufficient to overcome it.
Knowing about biases does not make you less susceptible to them.
Libertanian paternalism
Libertarian paternalism is the idea that it is both possible and legitimate for private and public institutions to affect behavior while also respecting freedom of choice, as well as the implementation of that idea
What kind of behavior should you nudge?
Choices that:
- Have a delayed positive effect.
- Are difficult
- Are infrequent
- Have poor feedback
- Have an unclear outcome
When designing a nudge choice architecture …
Use the NUDGE strategy
N is for
Non-complex choice structure. Make choice outcome clear.
U is for
Understand mappins. Understand people’s choice outcome coupling
D is for
Defaults. Make use of laziness shortcuts.
G is for
Give feedback. Make choice result clear.
E is for
Expect error. By foreseeing shortcuts people will use
S is for
Salient incentives. Make the desired choice clearly rewarding
What is not a nudge?
- Taking away choices
- Making something more expensive
- Increasing effort
