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Environmental Legislation > Lecture 1- Introduction > Flashcards

Lecture 1- Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What does EIA stand for?

A

Environmental Impact Assessments

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2
Q

What does SEA stand for?

A

Strategic Environmental Assessment

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3
Q

What does AA mean?

A

Appropriate Assessment

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4
Q

When was the wildlife act introduced?

A

1976

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5
Q

What does NPWS mean?

A

National Parks and Wildlife Service

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6
Q

What does the EPA stand for?

A

Environmental Protection Agency

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7
Q

What does NHA stand for?

A

Natural Heritage Area

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8
Q

When was the Flora (Protection) Order introduced?

A

2015

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9
Q

What does EEL stand for?

A

European Environmental law

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10
Q

What does MSFD stand for?

A

Marine Strategy Framework Directive

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11
Q

What does WFD stand for?

A

Water Framework Directive

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12
Q

What does SAC stand for?

A

Special Area of Conservation

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13
Q

What does SPA stand for?

A

Special Protection areas

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14
Q

How many Natura 2000 sites are in Ireland?

A

604

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15
Q

What does SCIs stand for?

A

Sites of Community Importance

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16
Q

What does cSACs stand for?

A

Candidate Special areas of conservation

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17
Q

What is a mandatory EIA?

A

When projects listed in Annex 1 are considered as having significant effects on the environment and require an EIA

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18
Q

What does the Flora (protection) order, 2015 prohibit?

A

-Makes it illegal to cut, uproot or damage the listed species in any way or offer them for sale
-Illegal to sell seeds
-Illegal to interfere with their habitat as well

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19
Q

How many blanket bogs are classified as NHAs?

A

73 Blanket bogs

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20
Q

How many raised bogs are classified as NHAs?

A

75

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21
Q

What are nature areas?

A

-Area of importance to wildlife, protected under Ministerial order
-Owned by State, organizations or private owners

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22
Q

What is the Wildlife act, 1976?

A

Principal national legislation providing for the protection of wildlife and the control of some activities that may adversely affect wildlife

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23
Q

What is an EU directive?

A

Legislative act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result

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24
Q

What are the objectives of the habitats directive?

A

-Aims to protect 220 habitats and 1,000 species listed in the directives Annexes

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25
Q

What are Ireland’s obligations regarding the habitats directive?

A

-To designate special areas of conservation
-Achieve favourable conservation status

26
Q

When was the habitats directive transposed into Irish law?

A

1997

27
Q

How many Annex 1 habitats (SACs) are in Ireland?

A

59

28
Q

How many Annex II, species are in Ireland (SACs)

A

26 species

29
Q

How many species are under Annex IV, strict protection ?

A

41 species

30
Q

How many species are under controls taking from the wild/exploitation, Annex V?

A

48 species

31
Q

When was the Birds Directive transposed into Irish law?

A

2011

32
Q

What is the objectives of the Birds directive?

A

To protect all European wild birds and the habitats of listed species

33
Q

What are Ireland’s obligations regarding the birds directive?

A

-SPAs
-List of vulnerable species (ANNEX 1)
-Regularly occurring migratory species, ducks, geese and waders

34
Q

How many SPAs have been designated since 1985?

A

154

35
Q

How many hectares has been designated as SPAs?

A

570,000 hectares

36
Q

What are fitness checks?

A

-To provide evidenced based critical analysis of whether EU actions are proportionate to their objectives and delivering as expected

37
Q

What are SCIs?

A

Are sites that have been adopted by the European Commission but not yet formally designated by the government of each country.

38
Q

What are candidate SACs?

A

are sites that have been submitted to the European commission

39
Q

What are appropriate assessments?

A

Is when any development project that may impact on a Natura 2000 site, whether in the boundaries of the site or not, an appropriate assessment must be carried out

40
Q

What is a key aspect of environmental assessment procedures?

A

Public consultation

41
Q

What are mandatory EIAs?

A

Are all projects listed in Annex 1 and are considered as having significant effects

42
Q

What is the objective of the nitrates directive?

A

To protect water quality across Europe by preventing nitrates from agricultural sources polluting ground and surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices

43
Q

When was the nitrates directive transposed into Irish law?

A

2005

44
Q

When was the water framework directive transposed into Irish law?

A

2003

45
Q

What was the objective of the Water framework directive?

A

That all European waters have to achieve good ecological and chemical status by 2015. That means not only low levels of chemical pollution but also sustaining healthy aquatic ecosystems

46
Q

When was the Marine strategy framework directive transposed into Irish law?

A

July 2010

47
Q

What does CBD stand for?

A

Convention on Biological Diversity

48
Q

What are the objectives of the CBD?

A

To ensure the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from the use of genetic resources

49
Q

When did the CBD occur?

A

1992, Earth Summit in Rio de Janerio

50
Q

What does CITES stand for?

A

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

51
Q

What is the aim of CITES?

A

To ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival

52
Q

What is CMS / The Bonn Convention?

A

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, 1979

53
Q

What is the Ramsar Convention? (On Wetlands)

A

-1971
-Intergovernmental treaty which provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources

54
Q

What is the World Heritage Convention (1972)?

A

Nature conservation and the preservation of cultural properties.
-Convention recognises the way in which people interact with nature, and the need to preserve the balance between the two

55
Q

What is the OSPAR Convention (1992)?

A

-Guiding international cooperation on the protection of the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic.
Combined 1972 Oslo Convention on dumping waste at sea and 1974 Paris Convention on land-based sources of marine pollution

56
Q

What are Irish habitats listed under Annex 1?

A

-Species rich grasslands
-Molinia meadows
-Lowland hay meadows

57
Q

What is Annex V in relation to the Birds directive?

A

Promotes research to underpin the protection, management and use of all species of birds covered by the directive

58
Q

What is Annex IV under the birds directive?

A

Provides for the sustainable management of hunting, but Member states must outlaw all forms of non-selective and large scale killing,

59
Q

What is Annex III under the birds directive?

A

Activities that directly threaten birds, such as delibrate killing, capture or trade, or destruciton of their habitats and nests is banned

60
Q

What is Annnexx II under the birds directive?

A

82 bird species can be hunted, hunting periods are limited and hunting is forbidden when birds are at their most venerable

61
Q

What is annex I under the birds directive?

A

194 species and sub-species are threatened, special protection areas for their survival and all migratory bird species

Environmental Legislation (8 decks)

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