Lecture 1- Introduction

Question 1

What are the key readings?

Answer 1

Garside & Grimnshaw
Race and the Criminal Justice System 2018 (Ministry of Justice

Question 2

What are the key points of Garside & Grimnshaw?

Answer 2

There are 3 criminal jurisdictions with 3 different histories
The Good Friday agreement is the structures of contemporary police structure during the social, economic and political changes
There are 43 territorial forces for policing agencies
There are private prosecutions controversies due to abuse by powerful organisations
Civil society institutions have a role in mediating relationships between the justice system and the public

Question 3

What are the key points of Ministry of Justice?

Answer 3

Ethnic groups appear to be over-represented through CJS- stop and search
Black individuals the most over-represented
2015-16&17-18, black children made up 20% of child victims
Stop and search- white suspects, 75% in 14-15 and 59% in 18-19
More female victims in all ethnic groups
Greater number of children in prison= minority groups
Black prisoners served the greatest proportion of their original sentence

Question 4

What are the 5 components of the criminal justice system?

Answer 4

The police, the crown prosecution service, the courts, prisons, the probation service

Question 5

What does the police do

Answer 5

They prevent, reassure and investigate

Question 6

What does the crown prosecution service do?

Answer 6

Decide if there is enough evidence to charge and if it is in public interest to do so

Question 7

What does the courts do?

Answer 7

Decide if the accused is guilty or innocent and what the sentence should be

Question 8

What do the prisons do?

Answer 8

Hold people awaiting trial or serve a sentence decided by the court after a guilt verdict

Question 9

What does the probation service do?

Answer 9

Deliver community alternatives to prison and supervise people on release from prison

Question 10

What is a system?

Answer 10

A set of things that unify to make a whole and operate together

Question 11

What is the conflict model of criminal justice?

Answer 11

A non-system components conflict, don’t share information, favour adversarial processes and represent different interests

Question 12

What does the CJS reflect?

Answer 12

Political and social change

Question 13

What is the 1950s characterised as?

Answer 13

Rab Butler (the conservative home secretary), lack of political in CJS

Question 14

What is the 1960s characterised as?

Answer 14

Broad political consenscus and rehabilitative focus to concern rising crime

Question 15

What is the 1970s characterised as?

Answer 15

Economic crisis and debates about the failtures of the CJS and policing. Low public confidence and a loss of faith in rehabilitation

Question 16

What is the Thatcher years characterised as?

Answer 16

Welfare approach to a law and order approach, increased funding for the police, higher prison numbers, low tolerances for minor crime & disorder

Question 17

What is the 1990-1997 characterised as?

Answer 17

Reassertion of law and order focus, signal crimes to infer moral breakdown

Question 18

What is the 1997-2010 characterised as?

Answer 18

New labour so a toughness of crime and the causes of crime

Question 19

What is the Labour Manifesto 1997?

Answer 19

A focus on anti-social behaviour, a zero tolerance approach to petty crime among young offenders

Question 20

What is the LASPO 2012 act?

Answer 20

Cuts and reduced eligibility for legal aid

Question 21

What is the conservative government 2015-2019?

Answer 21

Fears over immigration, surging of the prison population and a prison building programme

Question 22

What occurred in the government 2019?

Answer 22

Rise of populism in the UK, black lives matter protests, CVOD, rape conviction falling to a record low, policing scandals, The Casey Report concern about domestic violence