Lecture 1: Introduction

Question 1

What lifestyle factors influence many chronic diseases?

Answer 1

BRAVVO
- Bewegen
- Roken
- Alcohol
- Voedin
- Veilige sex
- Ontspaning

Question 2

What levels of influence over human bahavior are included in the socio-ecological model?

Answer 2

5. Policy
6. Community
7. Institutional
8. Interpersonal
9. Intrapersonal

Question 3

Define health promotion

Answer 3

Maintaining people’s current health status and ideally shifting towards better health

E.g., smoking reduction with the aim of maintaining an optimal respiratory and carsiovascular system

Question 4

Define disease prevention

Answer 4

Preventing people from getting a disease and prevent a shift towards the seriousness of disease

E.g., smoking reduction with the aim of reducing the chance of getting lung cancer

Question 5

How are health promotion and disease prevention related to each other?

Answer 5

Many lifestyle factors focus initially on Health Promotion (e.g., increasing PA, reduce smoking) and then have an effect on Disease Prevention (e.g., preventing obesity or cancer)

Question 6

List the different types of prevention and explain

Answer 6

1. Primary prevention
To prevent (development) of disease

2. Secondary prevention
Screening/ early dectection

3. Tertiary prevention
Prevent reduce disease progression/ seriousness/ complications

Question 7

At what different population levels can prevention be targeted?

Answer 7

Universal
- Designed to reach population, regardless of individual risk factors
- Intends to reach a very large audiance

Selective
- Targets subgroups of the general population that are determined to be at risk. These subgroups may be determined by traits such as age, gender, family history, economic position, etc.

Indicated
- Involves a screening process and aims to identify individuals who exhibit early signs of disease and other problem behaviors

Question 8

Name the different intervention levels and tools or instruments?

Answer 8

E.g., legislation/ laws, sanctions
- Eliminate choice
- Restrict choice
- Disincentivize choice

E.g., pricing, nudging, facilities
- Incentivize choice
- Shift default choice
- Create new choice
- Clarify choice
- Monitor choice

E.g., education, training
- Enable
- Educate

Question 9

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention requires…

Answer 9

…multifactorial interventions in the complexity of real life settings. Individuals more from setting to setting, constantly making lifestyle choices, influenced on different levels (e.g., intra- and interpersonal, institutional, community, policy). Consequently, interventions are often aimed at a specific setting

Question 10

Define an intervention setting

Answer 10

Physical and recognizable structure with predefined geographical boundaries