Lecture 1: Intro to Anatomy Flashcards
What is Anatomy?
the science that studies the structure of the human body
What is Physiology?
the science that studies the way in which the Anatomical structures of a living organism perform their function
What is the main Focus of Anatomy?
Where the structure is as well as what the structure is made out of.
What are the 2 Anatomy Types
Gross Anatomy : Direct visualization with no magnification
Microanatomy : Visualization of the microscopic structure of tissue
{ Histology}
Anatomical Position
• The person Stands straight with
the feet together facing forward
• Palms facing anteriorly and the
thumbs pointed away from the body
What are the 3 commonly used Anatomical Planes and how do they split the body?
• Sagittal plane { section}: A vertical line dividing the body into right
and left sections
• Coronal plane { Section}: A vertical line dividing the body into anterior
and posterior sections
• Transverse plane { section} : A horizontal line dividing the body into an
upper section and a lower
What are Anatomical Directions
terms used to describe
the location of different parts of the body relative to each other
Superior (Give other names)
{ Cranial/ Cephalic } : towards the head end, upper part of a
structure , or the body
Inferior
{ Caudal} : Away from the head end / towards the lower part of
the structure or the body
Superficial
closer to the surface
Deep
Further from the surface
Anterior
{ visceral } : towards the front of the body
Proximal
closer to the origin of the body , or the point of attachment
to the trunk
Distal
further from the origin of the body , or the point of attachment
to the trunk.
Contralateral
From one side of the body to the opposite side
Ipsilateral
From one side to the same side of the body.
What are some important things to consider for the important functions we study in class
The structures involved have multiple roles. They have to collectively operate as a unit and be coordinated by the nervous system. The movement of every organ is transcribed in the CNS. PNS transfers signal from CNS to Organ, then feedback to the CNS.
Afferent
From CNS to Organ
Efferent
From organ to CNS
What are the macroscopic blocks of the human body
Muscle, Cartilage, Bone, Nerve Supply, Blood supply, Tendons, Covering surfaces,
Organs ((All are on macro scale and can be seen))
What are some properties of the microscopic blocks of the human body
all structures are made from specialized cells for the structure. All cells are supported by the Extracellular Matrix both structurally and metabolically. Amount of ECM varies from tissue to tissue.
Simple definition of tissue
Every group of cells and their ECM that collectively carry the same function
What is Epithelial tissue
Cells laid in sheets and layers that essentially border different systems, acting as a boundary.
Connective tissue Composition
Cells, Fibers, ECM
