Lecture 1: Intro to Anatomy

Question 1

What is Anatomy?

Answer 1

the science that studies the structure of the human body

Question 2

What is Physiology?

Answer 2

the science that studies the way in which the Anatomical structures of a living organism perform their function

Question 3

What is the main Focus of Anatomy?

Answer 3

Where the structure is as well as what the structure is made out of.

Question 4

What are the 2 Anatomy Types

Answer 4

Gross Anatomy : Direct visualization with no magnification

Microanatomy : Visualization of the microscopic structure of tissue
{ Histology}

Question 5

Anatomical Position

Answer 5

• The person Stands straight with
the feet together facing forward

• Palms facing anteriorly and the
thumbs pointed away from the body

Question 6

What are the 3 commonly used Anatomical Planes and how do they split the body?

Answer 6

• Sagittal plane { section}: A vertical line dividing the body into right
and left sections
• Coronal plane { Section}: A vertical line dividing the body into anterior
and posterior sections
• Transverse plane { section} : A horizontal line dividing the body into an
upper section and a lower

Question 7

What are Anatomical Directions

Answer 7

terms used to describe
the location of different parts of the body relative to each other

Question 8

Superior (Give other names)

Answer 8

{ Cranial/ Cephalic } : towards the head end, upper part of a
structure , or the body

Question 9

Inferior

Answer 9

{ Caudal} : Away from the head end / towards the lower part of
the structure or the body

Question 10

Superficial

Answer 10

closer to the surface

Question 11

Deep

Answer 11

Further from the surface

Question 12

Anterior

Answer 12

{ visceral } : towards the front of the body

Question 13

Proximal

Answer 13

closer to the origin of the body , or the point of attachment
to the trunk

Question 14

Distal

Answer 14

further from the origin of the body , or the point of attachment
to the trunk.

Question 15

Contralateral

Answer 15

From one side of the body to the opposite side

Question 16

Ipsilateral

Answer 16

From one side to the same side of the body.

Question 17

What are some important things to consider for the important functions we study in class

Answer 17

The structures involved have multiple roles. They have to collectively operate as a unit and be coordinated by the nervous system. The movement of every organ is transcribed in the CNS. PNS transfers signal from CNS to Organ, then feedback to the CNS.

Question 18

Afferent

Answer 18

From CNS to Organ

Question 19

Efferent

Answer 19

From organ to CNS

Question 20

What are the macroscopic blocks of the human body

Answer 20

Muscle, Cartilage, Bone, Nerve Supply, Blood supply, Tendons, Covering surfaces,
Organs ((All are on macro scale and can be seen))

Question 21

What are some properties of the microscopic blocks of the human body

Answer 21

all structures are made from specialized cells for the structure. All cells are supported by the Extracellular Matrix both structurally and metabolically. Amount of ECM varies from tissue to tissue.

Question 22

Simple definition of tissue

Answer 22

Every group of cells and their ECM that collectively carry the same function

Question 23

What is Epithelial tissue

Answer 23

Cells laid in sheets and layers that essentially border different systems, acting as a boundary.

Question 24

Connective tissue Composition

Answer 24

Cells, Fibers, ECM

Question 25

How do you classify Connective tissue types

Answer 25

It changes depending on the components and if they change in cell type or ECM and vascularity.

Question 26

Nervous Tissue

Answer 26

CNS and PNS vary in their composition and EC components.

Question 27

Types of Muscle

Answer 27

Skeletal, Cardiac, smooth muscle

Question 28

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 28

Striated: Voluntary controlled, walking, jumping, etc

Question 29

Smooth Muscle

Answer 29

Visceral muscles: non-voluntary contraction ,
subconscious regulation . E.g. Muscles in the digestive tract transferring
food from one place to another.

Question 30

Cardiac Muscles

Answer 30

Highly specialized , striated involuntary, with pacemaker

Question 31

Properties of Skeletal Muscle

Answer 31

• Skeletal muscles have to attach to a Skeletal structure to implement
an action
• Skeletal muscles have an Origin and an Insertion
• Attachment to origin and insertion is by a specialized connective
tissue “Tendon”
• They draw the insertion closer to the Origin

Question 32

Properties of Smooth Muscle

Answer 32

• Smooth muscles line up visceral organs { cavity of the body}
• Not attached to the skeleton
• No origin , insertion , or tendon
• Induce constriction , with segmental activation to perform function

Question 33

Cellular Viability Properties

Answer 33

• The cardiovascular system pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
• The blood flows back to the heart and is then distributed to the whole
body
• The blood is then collected from the tissues and redelivered to the heart
• Epithelial Vessels delivering oxygenated blood to tissues are called arteries
• Epithelial Vessels collecting deoxygenated blood from tissues to the heart
are called veins